Background: Alopecia areata(AA) is a common autoimmune disease that causes hair loss without scarring. It occurs as a result of T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells attacking the anagen hair follicles. Genetic factors play a role in the occurrence of infection, which stimulates the production of pro and anti-inflammatory interleukins. Polymorphisms of IL-37 play a role in autoimmune diseases. However, IL37 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) have not been identified in patients with AA. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the IL37 gene SNP and its relationship to AA. Methods: Genotyping of IL-37 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs were detected using sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) method was done following the protocol of DNA Extraction kit and PCR PreMix SNP Genotyping Assays in 51 (32 males & 19 females at age mean 27.90±1.66 years) patients with AA and 50 (21 males & 29 females at age mean30.64±2.08years ) healthy individuals. Results: The results of the present study showed a significant increase in the mean level of IL-37 in the serum of patients with AA compared to healthy subjects (184.18±69.45 vs.153.28±48.17) pg/ml. This increase did not constitute a significant difference at a probability level less than. In addition, genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-37 gene were rs3811045 (5756 T>C) and rs3811046 (5831 G>T) that result in substitution and inversion mutations, and thus cause a change in the type of amino acid. The CC and allele C and TC of rs3811045 were risk factors for AA due to a significantly higher odd ration (OR) value and a significantly increased frequency percentage in patients group compared to a healthy control group (37.50 vs 25.58 OR: 1.75 p = 0.264, 95% CI = 0.72–4.25, 66.0 vs 86.0 OR: 1.78 p = 0.068, 95% CI = 0.98–3.23; 56.25 vs 55.81 OR: 1.02 p = 1.0 95% CI = 0.45–2.31 respectively). Also the results of rs3811046 recorded that the TT and allele T frequency percentages were significant increase in patients group (39.58 vs 25.58 OR: 1.91 P = 0.184, 95% CI = 0.79-4.63, 66.0 vs. 52.0 OR: 1.74, P =0.072,95%CI= 0.96–3.15) respectively, which was a risk factor for infection. This study is the first of its kind to show the relationship of IL-37 level and genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms with AA. Conclusions The present study's results can conclude that the TC, CC and the C allele of IL-37 SNP rs3811045 and TT genotypes and the T allele of IL-37 SNP rs3811046 have a role in the risk of developing AA. It is recommended to conduct several genetic studies of other interleukin genes and to ascertain their relationship to AA. © 2023, Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering.
Spray pyrolysis technique was used to make Carbon60-Zinc oxide (C60-ZnO) thin films, and chemical, structural, antibacterial, and optical characterizations regarding such nanocomposite have been done prior to and following treatment. Fullerene peaks in C60-ZnO thin films are identical and appear at the same angles. Following the treatment of the plasma, the existence regarding fullerene peaks in the thin films investigated suggests that the crystallographic quality related to C60-ZnO thin films has enhanced. Following plasma treatment, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images regarding a C60-ZnO thin film indicate that both zinc oxide and fullerene particles had shrunk in the size and have an even distribution. In addition
... Show MoreThe aim of this study is to show the concepts of nuclear shape and the geometrical picture to the even-even nuclei of 164,166,168E isotopes in the context of the Interacting boson Model IBM-1. The energy spectra were calculated and the effective charge values (eB) of the electromagnetic transition strength were obtained and used to calculate the B(E2) values of the electromagnetic transitions and the quadrupole moment Q of 2+ -states. The Hamiltonian parameters were calculated by taking in account the properties of these nuclei. Comparison were made with the available experimental data and included in tables. The geometrical picture of these nuclei were looked at by calculating the deformation which were represented by the potentia
... Show MoreThe δ-mixing of γ-transitions in 70As populated in the 32 70 70 33 Ge p n As (, ) γ reaction is calculated in the present work by using the a2-ratio methods. In one work we applied this method for two cases, the first one is for pure transition and the sacend one is for non pure transition, We take into account the experimental a2-coefficient for previous works and δ -values for one transition only.The results obtained are, in general, in a good agreement within associated errors, with those reported previously , the discrepancies that occur are due to inaccuracies existing in the experimental data of the previous works.
This study proposed using color components as artificial intelligence (AI) input to predict milk moisture and fat contents. In this sense, an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was applied to milk processed by moderate electrical field‐based non‐thermal (NP) and conventional pasteurization (CP). The differences between predicted and experimental data were not significant (
In this research, new Schiff base is derived from chitosan O-nitrobenzyldehyde and its complexes were synthesized. All compounds were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible, TGA, DTA, TG and molar conductivity with melting point. The results showed that Schiff base was coordinated via nitrogen atom azomethine with the center metal ions Co+2,Ni+2 and Cu+2 behaving monodentate ligand and forming complexes with molecular formula [M(L)Cl2H2O] The tetrahedral geometrical was suggested for all prepared complexes based on the characterization data for all techniques. +2,Cu+2, Ni+2M = Co
The research aims to derive the efficient industrial plans for Al – shaheed public company under risk by using Target MOTAD as a linear alternative model for the quadratic programming models.
The results showed that there had been a sort of (trade- off) between risk and the expected gross margins. And if the studied company strives to get high gross margin, it should tolerate risk and vice versa. So the management of Al- Shaheed Company to be invited to apply the suitable procedures in the production process, in order to get efficient plans that improves it's performance .
Solar energy usage in Iraq is facing many issues; one of those is the accumulation “of the dust on the surface of the solar module which” would highly lower its efficiency. The present work study the effect of dust accumulation” on installing fixed solar modules with different inclined angles 15o, 33o, 45o, 60o. Evaluation of the solar modules performance under different circumstance conditions such as rain, wind and humidity are considered in study of dust effect on solar module performance. The results show that the lowest output average efficiencies of solar modules occurs at 15o horizontally inclined angle are 7.4% , 6.7% , 8.0% , 8.1%, and 8.4% for the cor
... Show MoreThe doping process with materials related to carbon has become a newly emerged approach for achieving an improvement in different physical properties for the obtained doped films. Thin films of CuPc: C60 with doping ratio of (100:1) were spin-coated onto pre-cleaned glass substrates at room temperature. The prepared films were annealed at different temperatures of (373, 423 and 473) K. The structural studies, using a specific diffractometry of annealed and as deposited samples showed a polymorphism structure and dominated by CuPc with preferential orientation of the plane (100) of (2θ = 7) except at temperature of 423K which indicated a small peak around (2θ = 3