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PROTOCOLS FOR SECURE ROUTING AND TRANSMISSION IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK: A REVIEW
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Mobile ad hoc network security is a new area for research that it has been faced many difficulties to implement. These difficulties are due to the absence of central authentication server, the dynamically movement of the nodes (mobility), limited capacity of the wireless medium and the various types of vulnerability attacks. All these factor combine to make mobile ad hoc a great challenge to the researcher. Mobile ad hoc has been used in different applications networks range from military operations and emergency disaster relief to community networking and interaction among meeting attendees or students during a lecture. In these and other ad hoc networking applications, security in the routing protocol is necessary to protect against malicious attacks as well as in data transmission. The goal of mobile ad hoc security is to safeguard the nodes’ operation and ensure the availability of communication in spite of adversary nodes. The node operations can be divided into two phases. The first phase is to discover the route (s) path. The second phase is to forward the data on the available discovered routes. Both stages need to protect from attacks; so many protocols have been proposed to secure the routing and data forwarding. This is a review study to mobile ad hoc protocols for securing routing as well as protocols for securing packets forwarding. Furthermore, it will present the characteristics and the limitations for each protocol and attributes.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2013
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
The Power Enhancement of a Mini-Gas Turbine by Adding Ethanol to the Compressor Inlet Air
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An experimental study is conducted on the utilization of the inlet ethanol injection technique in order to evaluate its impact on the performance of a two-shaft T200D mini-gas turbine engine. The maximum degradation recorded in power output was 32.8% at the climate temperature of 45oC. Nevertheless, at that temperature, adding ethanol with Eth/LPG ratio of 20% by volume brought an enhancement in power output of 19.2% compared to normal LPG run. SFC of the dual-fuel engine ranked a level of 22% higher than that with pure LPG consumption. The overall efficiency suffered a maximum reduction of 14.4% with Eth/LPG fuel ratio of 20%, but when the loading was raised beyond 70% of the engine full load; the efficiency of dual-fuel engi

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
The 53rd U.s. Rock Mechanics/geomechanics Symposium
Using an analytical model to predict collapse volume during drilling: A case study from southern Iraq
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Rainwater Drainage Service Improvement Using a Number Of Quality Tools at the Directorate of Karbala Sewage
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The basic objective of the research is to study the quality of the water flow service in the Directorate of Karbala sewage and how to improve it after identifying the deviations of the processes and the final product and then providing the possible solutions in addressing the causes of the deviations and the associated quality gaps. A number of quality tools were used and applied to all data Stations with areas and activities related to the drainage of rainwater, as the research community determines the stations of lifting rainwater in the Directorate of the streams of Karbala holy, and the station was chosen Western station to apply the non-random sampling method intended after meeting a number of. It is one of the largest and m

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The strategy of applying quality indicators to educational outcomes according to market requirements - a fundamental study
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A research study in which a methodology for quality indicators that can be adopted to evaluate the educational process in educational institutions within a specific strategy helps individuals in charge of educational education to make appropriate decisions based on accurate and properly approved plans to achieve successful outcomes.

These indicators can be used to judge the quality of educational institutions in order to improve, improve and develop them. This study has concluded the necessity of putting quality into actual application in order to benefit from it in evaluating the future action of Iraqi educational institutions.

The external changes brought about by technology and family life have made the

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
A study of the effect of acid immersion on some physical properties of ( Epoxy – MgO) composites
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In this study a polymeric composite material was prepared by hand
lay-up technique from epoxy resin as a matrix and magnesium oxide
(MgO) as a reinforcement with different weight fraction (5,10,15,
and 20)% to resin. Then the prepared samples were immersed under
normal condition in H2So4(1 M) solution, for periods ranging up to
10 weeks. The result revealed that the diffusion coefficient
decreasing as the concentration of MgO increase. Also we studied
Hardness for the prepared samples before and after immersion. The
result revealed that the hardness values increase as the concentration
of MgO increase, while the hardness for the samples after immersion
in H2SO4 dec

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Publication Date
Tue May 15 2012
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
A Syntactico-Semantic Study of English Phrasal Verbs دراسة نحوية دلالية للأفعال المركبة في اللغة الانكليزية
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This paper is an attempt to investigate the syntactic and semantic features of the English phrasal verbs. In this paper, phrasal verbs were classified into subgroups according to their syntactic and semantic characteristics. After giving a survey of literature written on the meaning and definition of phrasal verbs, two sections have been devoted to tackle the most important issues in this category of English verbs. Section one sheds light on the basic definitions of the term ‘phrasal verb’ which are, according to the researcher’s point of view, sufficient to cover the area of the study. In addition, it studies the number and the importance of phrasal verbs in English. Section two deals with the syntactic and semantic features of Engli

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 09 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Comparative Efficiency Study of Two Adsorbent Materials to Remove Eosin Y Dye from Aqueous Solutions
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This study was done to find a cheap, available and ecofriendly materials that can remove eosin y dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption in this study, two adsorbent materials were used, the shells of fresh water clam (Cabicula fluminea) and walnut shells. To make a comparison between the two adsorbents, five experiments were conducted. First, the effects of the contact time, here the nut shell removed the dye quickly, while the C. flumina need more contact time to remove the dye. Second, the effects of adsorbent weight were examined. The nut shell was very promising and for all used adsorbent weight, the R% ranged from 94.87 to 99.29. However C. fluminea was less effective in removing the dye with R% ranged from 47.59 to 55.39. The thi

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 07 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis of First Psychrobacter Sp. Strain From Blood of Iraqi Patient; A Case Report
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 23 2019
Journal Name
American Rock Mechanics Association
Using an Analytical Model to Predict Collapse Volume During Drilling: A Case Study from Southern Iraq
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Zubair Formation is one of the richest petroleum systems in Southern Iraq. This formation is composed mainly of sandstones interbedded with shale sequences, with minor streaks of limestone and siltstone. Borehole collapse is one of the most critical challenges that continuously appear in drilling and production operations. Problems associated with borehole collapse, such as tight hole while tripping, stuck pipe and logging tools, hole enlargement, poor log quality, and poor primary cement jobs, are the cause of the majority of the nonproductive time (NPT) in the Zubair reservoir developments. Several studies released models predicting the onset of borehole collapse and the amount of enlargement of the wellbore cross-section. However, assump

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 07 2021
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Effect of Dentifrices with Different Abrasives on the Surface Roughness of a Nano Composite Resins materials
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Background: to evaluate the effect of different dentifrices on the surface roughness of two composite resins (nanofilled-based and nanoceramic – based composite resins). Materials and methods: Forty specimens (diameter 12 mm and height of 2mm) prepared from different composite resin materials: Z350 (nanofilled composite, and Ceram-X (nanoceramic) .they were subjected to brushing simulation equivalent to the period of 1 year. The groups assessed were a control group brushed with distilled water (G1), Opalescence whitening toothpasteR (G2), Colgate sensitive pro-relief (G3) and Biomed Charcoal Toothpaste (G4). The initial and final roughness of each group was tested by surface roughness tester. The results were statistically analyzed using

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