Degradation of soil quality is an inevitable consequence of modifications to the characteristics of the soil that contribute to a decrease in ecosystem services. Numerous stressors, including chemical, biological, and physical ones, as well as those originating from both natural and artificial sources. The most prevalent kind of soil contamination that contaminates soil biota is agrochemicals. Soil is the most common place for xenobiotic dumping, which makes it the most probable source of other natural resources' pollution, such as surface and ground waters, based on the results of several studies. The danger to the environment posed by polluted soils is influenced by a variety of biological and physicochemical mechanisms that regulate the mobility and transformation of pesticides. However, species that are both above and below ground and are vital to the functioning of soil are seriously threatened by the insecticides' ability to linger in soil. Using living soil biota selectively is one of the effective ways to clean soil. This procedure is known as. In the past, chemical residues in soil have been removed or their toxicity decreased by the use of bioremediation. Even though microbes are frequently used in bioremediation, some well-known soil fauna, such as earthworms, contribute significantly to the disintegration and purification of substances. Because they change the state of the People consider earthworms to be soil engineers. Earthworms are capable of soil, help break down pesticide residues in one of two ways: directly by releasing detoxifying enzymes into their digestive tracts or indirectly by favorably influencing microbial communities that have the ability to break down pesticides. The earthworm-supported breakdown of pesticides is mostly limited to the worms' processed soil and gut milieu. Histological alterations brought on by pollutants are believed to be a sensitive method of determining the test organism's direct exposure to certain chemical contaminants. This study's objective was to ascertain how the pesticide methiocarb affected earthworms. After ten days of exposure to sublethal dosages (200 and 400 mg/kg), earthworms underwent several histological changes. such as villi fusion, tearing of the body wall, as well as the breakdown of the cuticle and circular muscle layer. They also become less able to dig in the ground.
The paper attempts to find out the elements of picaresque novel in selected English and Iraqi novels. It studies these elements in Henry Fielding’s Joseph Andrews and Adil Abduljabbar’s Arzal Hamad Al-Salim. The paper is divided into four sections. The first is an introduction to the picaresque novel. It gives a definition, a historical background, and the elements of the genre. The second section studies Fielding’s novel focusing on the elements of this type of novel and how it affects the story itself. The paper follows the novel from the beginning to the end showing these elements. The third is dedicated to Abduljabbar’s novel and how the elements of picaresque genre appear in the novel and play an important role in its developm
... Show MoreThe cost-effective carbon cross-linked Y zeolite nanocrystals composite (NYC) was prepared using an eco-friendly substrate prepared from bio-waste and organic adhesive at intermediate conditions. The green synthesis method dependent in this study assures using chemically harmless compounds to ensure homogeneous distribution of zeolite over porous carbon. The greenly prepared cross-linked composite was extensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Field emission scanning electron microscope, Dispersive analysis by X-ray, Thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. NYC had a surface area of 176.44 m2/g, and a pore volume of 0.0573 cm3/g. NYC had a multi-function nature, sustained at a long-
... Show MoreThe technological developments in the field of communication have witnessed considerable impact in the variables which exist in following up and conveying the events which link it’s meaning to political implications. This makes a number of satellite channels depend on the techniques of propaganda and use them in the news bulletins to achieve political aims and ends related to its formational directives where those channels allotted a considerable time in its programming transmission map to concentrate on the security and political status to complete the image of the informational scene according to the logic of its propaganda and styles in processing news for daily events.The technological developments in the field of communication hav
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This work is considered the first study for the components of the Iraqi Leucaena leucocephala plant, where the different phytochemical compounds that present in the aerial parts were identified by using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique (GC/MS). The type of the components and their concentration will differ according to the part of the plant used and the method of extraction (hot and cold). This study made a comparison in lupeol concentration that was identified and isolated from petroleum ether fractions of Leucaena leucocephala by using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and Preparative High-Performance Li
... Show MoreThe systemic and resistant nature of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC) renders it largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. Proliferation, survival, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are three fundamental events that are deeply linked to carcinogenesis. Hence, it is necessary to find a new combination of several therapies, targeting those vital mechanisms without causing side effects. Significant research works have shown differential low expression of the metabolic Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in primary and metastatic prostate cancer suggesting their importance in prostate pathogenesis. Obticholic acid (INT 747), a potent FXR agonist is widely used in primary biliary chola
... Show MoreA new method is characterized by simplicity, accuracy and speed for determination of Oxonuim ion in ionisable inorganic acid such as hydrochloric (0.1 - 10) ,Sulphuric ( 0.1 - 6 ),nitric ( 0.1 - 10 ), perchloric ( 0.1 - 7 ), acetic (0.1 - 100 ) and phosphoric ( 0.1 - 30 ) ( mMol.L-1 )acids. By continuous flow injection analysis. The proposed method was based on generation of bromine from the Bro-3-Br-- H3O+. Bromine reacts with fluorescein to quenches the fluorescence . A sample volume no.1 (31μl) and no.2 (35μl) were used with flow rate of 0.95 mL.min-1 using H2O line no.1as carrier stream and 1.3 mL.min-1 using fluorescein sodium salt line no.2. Linear regression of the concentration ( mMol.L-1 ) Vs quenched fluorescence gives a correla
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