A thin film of SnSe were deposited by thermal evaporation technique on 400 ±20 nm thick glass substrates of these films were annealed at different temperatures (100,150,200 ⁰C), The effect of annealing on the characteristics of the nano crystalline SnSe thin films was investigated using XRD, UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Hall effect measurements. The results of X-ray displayed that all the thin films have polycrystalline and orthorhombic structure in nature, while UV-VIS study showed that the SnSe has direct band gap of nano crystalline and it is changed from 60.12 to 94.70 nm with increasing annealing temperature. Hall effect measurements showed that all the films have a positive Hall coefficient, which means that the conductivity of the films is p-type. The conductivity of SnSe films was increased with increasing annealing temperatures (except that at 200⁰C). The I-V characteristics under illumination for the "p-SnSe/n-Si” solar cell displayed an increase in conversion efficiency with increasing annealing temperature from R.T to 150⁰C, while at 200⁰C, this efficiency was decreased. The measurements of the C-V characteristics displayed that all junctions were abrupt type. It is clear from C-V measurements that the capacitance decreased with increasing reverse bias voltage which leads to an increase in the depletion width.
Visceral leishmaniasis(VL) or kala-azar is one of the world most neglected tropical diseases in mortality and fourth in morbidity, rK39 dipstick was used to diagnose the suspected infected patients as easiest and rapid technique for VL diagnostic, the disease out-coming required to the differentiation of cell mediated immunity either T-helper 1(Th-1) or (Th-2). One of main pointers that may be considered as one of immune evasion strategy in the host-parasite interplay is HLA-G level alteration. HLA-G Known as a special proteins (non-classical HLA class I) molecules which can suppress the immune system by T-cell functions impaired in the aid with target receptors as LILRB4. The development of the cell mediated immunity initiated with Interle
... Show MoreThe negotiation phase is gaining great importance in investment loans due to the magnitude of the amounts awarded and the need to obtain adequate lending guarantees and the development of better conditions, and this requires that negotiating policy with fixed principles that balance between meeting the demands of customers and maintain market share and achieve profits and avoid defaults and losses the bank, and so I have touched Find the concept of investment loans and procedures for granting and the concept of the negotiation process for the granting of loans. The practical side to ensure the preparation of examination form consists of questions commensurate with the methodology developed by the researchers, were directed to the officia
... Show More
The speech delivered by political blocs and parties and broadcasted by satellite channels, social and communication media has different ideologies and orientations: moderate speech calling for calm or one raising crises.The latter is considered very challenging due to its local and international reference., this paper aims at uncovering these challenges especially during the political crisis witnessed in Iraq. This paper sheds light on the most important crisis that spread in public opinion, broadcasted by satellite, and raised by politicians who are competing to gain authority leading to a lack of peoples, confidence in them.This matter should not be neglected at all; e |
Image of landsate-7 taken by thematic mapper was used and classified using supervised method. Results of supervised classification indicated presence of nine land cover classes. Salt-soils class shows the highest reflectance value while water bodies' class shows the lowest values. Also the results indicated that soil properties show different effects on reflectance. There was a high significant positive relation of carbonate, gypsum, electric conductivity and silt content, while there was a week positive relation with sand and negative relation with organic matter, water content, bulk density and cataion exchange capacity.
The digital revolution had greatly affected the methods through which we communicate, starting from the basic concepts of the internet technology and the web content in addition to the important issues that concern the culture of the digital media, the internet governance and the variation in the digital age in general and the graphic and internal design in particular.
This research addresses an important topic that goes along with the scientific development in the field of the digital design, especially in the internal and graphic designs. This study consists of two sections: the first includes the problem of the study and the need for it. Starting from the problem of the research, there is no clear perception of the formal characte
Image of landsate-7 taken by thematic mapper was used and classified using supervised method. Results of supervised classification indicated presence of nine land cover classes. Salt-soils class shows the highest reflectance value while water bodies' class shows the lowest values. Also the results indicated that soil properties show different effects on reflectance. There was a high significant positive relation of carbonate, gypsum, electric conductivity and silt content, while there was a week positive relation with sand and negative relation with organic matter, water content, bulk density and cataion exchange capacity.
Abstract:
The issues related to foreign trade is a broad field for discussions and captures the interest of economists for their contribution to the process of economic development in the economies of the countries, especially developing ones. The imports of goods and services in foreign trade constitute an important part of the local by which the economy gets goods and services that the economy cannot produce because of the incompetent base of production. Further, the demand function of imports occupied a good deal of the attention of researchers in the field of international economics for which agricultural imports constitute an important part. The reason for the interest in the subject is due to its im
... Show MoreThe new liganed Schiff base named [(E)-3-hydroxy-4-((3,4,5- trimethoxybenzylidene)amino) naphthalene-1- sulfonic acid] was synthesized from 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyldehyde and 1-amino-2-aphthol-4- sulfonic acid in equal molar ratio. A series of new metal complexes' of the common molecular formulation [M(L)2(H2O)2].H2O are synthesized and characterized by IR, UV–Vis spectra, mass spectra, atomic absorption, elemental analyses, chloride content, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements as well as thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA, DSC). Consistent with results of the magnetic and spectral studies, the advised geometrical structures for all of the prepared complexes have been octahedral formula