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Spatial Quantile Autoregressive Model: A Review
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This paper is specifically a detailed review of the Spatial Quantile Autoregressive (SARQR) model that refers to the incorporation of quantile regression models into spatial autoregressive models to facilitate an improved analysis of the characteristics of spatially dependent data. The relevance of SARQR is emphasized in most applications, including but not limited to the fields that might need the study of spatial variation and dependencies. In particular, it looks at literature dated from 1971 and 2024 and shows the extent to which SARQR had already been applied previously in other disciplines such as economics, real estate, environmental science, and epidemiology. Accordingly, evidence indicates SARQR has numerous benefits compared to traditional regression models: These estimates are robust to outliers and heterogeneous spatial effects and capture fully conditional distributions with respect to mean regression models. The review supports future work toward enhancing estimation approaches and possible SARQR application extensions to other fields. The spatial modeling has applicability in the research, decision-making, and profession formulation because it encourages a broader SARQR application in economic analysis, infrastructure planning, and public health policy. Future research must aim at refining estimation methods and integrating SARQR with other models of analysis to optimize its usefulness in utilizing sophisticated spatial data.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon
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Blockchain is an innovative technology that has gained interest in all sectors in the era of digital transformation where it manages transactions and saves them in a database. With the increasing financial transactions and the rapidly developed society with growing businesses many people looking for the dream of a better financially independent life, stray from large corporations and organizations to form startups and small businesses. Recently, the increasing demand for employees or institutes to prepare and manage contracts, papers, and the verifications process, in addition to human mistakes led to the emergence of a smart contract. The smart contract has been developed to save time and provide more confidence while dealing, as well a

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Data Mining Techniques for Iraqi Biochemical Dataset Analysis
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This research aims to analyze and simulate biochemical real test data for uncovering the relationships among the tests, and how each of them impacts others. The data were acquired from Iraqi private biochemical laboratory. However, these data have many dimensions with a high rate of null values, and big patient numbers. Then, several experiments have been applied on these data beginning with unsupervised techniques such as hierarchical clustering, and k-means, but the results were not clear. Then the preprocessing step performed, to make the dataset analyzable by supervised techniques such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Classification And Regression Tree (CART), Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), Naïve Bays (NB

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
An An Accurate Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity Using Well Logging Data for Khasib Carbonate Reservoir - Amara Oil Field
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Shear and compressional wave velocities, coupled with other petrophysical data, are vital in determining the dynamic modules magnitude in geomechanical studies and hydrocarbon reservoir characterization. But, due to field practices and high running cost, shear wave velocity may not available in all wells. In this paper, a statistical multivariate regression method is presented to predict the shear wave velocity for Khasib formation - Amara oil fields located in South- East of Iraq using well log compressional wave velocity, neutron porosity and density. The accuracy of the proposed correlation have been compared to other correlations. The results show that, the presented model provides accurate

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 25 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Hybrid Framework To Exclude Similar and Faulty Test Cases In Regression Testing
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Regression testing is a crucial phase in the software development lifecycle that makes sure that new changes/updates in the software system don’t introduce defects or don’t affect adversely the existing functionalities. However, as the software systems grow in complexity, the number of test cases in regression suite can become large which results into more testing time and resource consumption. In addition, the presence of redundant and faulty test cases may affect the efficiency of the regression testing process. Therefore, this paper presents a new Hybrid Framework to Exclude Similar & Faulty Test Cases in Regression Testing (ETCPM) that utilizes automated code analysis techniques and historical test execution data to

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Publication Date
Mon May 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Stored Products Research
Detection and prediction of Sitophilus oryzae infestations in triticale via visible and near-infrared spectral signatures
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Triticale is a hybrid of wheat and rye grown for use as animal feed. In Florida, due to its soft coat, triticale is highly vulnerable to Sitophilus oryzae L. (rice weevil) and there is interest in development of methods to detect early-instar larvae so that infestations can be targeted before they become economically damaging. The objective of this study was to develop prediction models of the infestation degree for triticale seed infested with rice weevils of different growth stages. Spectral signatures were tested as a method to detect rice weevils in triticale seed. Groups of seeds at 11 different levels (degrees) of infestation, 0–62%, were obtained by combining different ratios of infested and uninfested seeds. A spectrophotometer wa

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
PDCNN: FRAMEWORK for Potato Diseases Classification Based on Feed Foreword Neural Network
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         The economy is exceptionally reliant on agricultural productivity. Therefore, in domain of agriculture, plant infection discovery is a vital job because it gives promising advance towards the development of agricultural production. In this work, a framework for potato diseases classification based on feed foreword neural network is proposed. The objective of this work  is presenting a system that can detect and classify four kinds of potato tubers diseases; black dot, common scab, potato virus Y and early blight based on their images. The presented PDCNN framework comprises three levels: the pre-processing is first level, which is based on K-means clustering algorithm to detect the infected area from potato image. The s

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 11 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The pre-equilibrium and equilibrium double differential cross sections for the nucleons and light nuclei induce nuclear reactions on 27Al nuclei
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The pre - equilibrium and equilibrium double differential cross
sections are calculated at different energies using Kalbach Systematic
approach in terms of Exciton model with Feshbach, Kerman and
Koonin (FKK) statistical theory. The angular distribution of nucleons
and light nuclei on 27Al target nuclei, at emission energy in the center
of mass system, are considered, using the Multistep Compound
(MSC) and Multistep Direct (MSD) reactions. The two-component
exciton model with different corrections have been implemented in
calculating the particle-hole state density towards calculating the
transition rates of the possible reactions and follow up the calculation
the differential cross-sections, that include MS

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Different Methods for Estimating Location Parameter & Scale Parameter for Extreme Value Distribution
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      In this study, different methods were used for estimating location parameter  and scale parameter for extreme value distribution, such as maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) , method of moment  estimation (ME),and approximation  estimators based on percentiles which is called white method in estimation, as the extreme value distribution is one of exponential distributions. Least squares estimation (OLS) was used, weighted least squares estimation (WLS), ridge regression estimation (Rig), and adjusted ridge regression estimation (ARig) were used. Two parameters for expected value to the percentile  as estimation for distribution f

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Studying the x- ray atomic Scattering form Factor and Nuclear Magnetic Shielding Constant for Be atom in its Excited state (1s2 2s 3s) and the Be - like ions
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The division partitioning technique has been used to analyze the four electron systems into six-pairs electronic wave functions for ( for the Beryllium atom in its excited state (1s2 2s 3s ) and like ions ( B+1 ,C+2 ) using Hartree-Fock wave functions . The aim of this work is to study atomic scattering form factor f(s) for and nuclear magnetic shielding constant. The results are obtained numerically by using the computer software (Mathcad).

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Flexible Genetic Algorithm Based Optimal Power Flow of Power Systems
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Nowadays, the power plant is changing the power industry from a centralized and vertically integrated form into regional, competitive and functionally separate units. This is done with the future aims of increasing efficiency by better management and better employment of existing equipment and lower price of electricity to all types of customers while retaining a reliable system. This research is aimed to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The OPF is used to minimize the total generations fuel cost function. Optimal power flow may be single objective or multi objective function. In this thesis, an attempt is made to minimize the objective function with keeping the voltages magnitudes of all load buses, real outp

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