In this study two types of extraction solvents were used to extract the undesirable polyaromatics, the first solvent was furfural which was used today in the Iraqi refineries and the second was NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone).
The studied effecting variables of extraction are extraction temperature ranged from 70 to 110°C and solvent to oil ratio in the range from 1:1 to 4:1.
The results of this investigation show that the viscosity index of mixed-medium lubricating oil fraction increases with increasing extraction temperature and reaches 107.82 for NMP extraction at extraction temperature 110°C and solvent to oil ratio 4:1, while the viscosity index reaches to 101 for furfural extraction at the same extraction temperature and same

The agricultural activity has a great significance in the all four dimensions of sustainable development. Firstly, the economic dimension which it contributes with the GDP, as well as, it is considered as an important source to attract the investment. Secondly, the environmental dimension which also contributes with conserving of the biodiversity, combating the desertification, and increasing the farmlands. Thirdly, for its role in the social dimension to achieve the food security, to eradicate the poverty, and providing jobs. Fourthly, toward the institutional dimension as well it is considered as a source that allows all people to participate effectively, and to exchange of the local and universal experiences and perspectives. For conf

A field experiment was conducted in an agricultural field in Al-Hindia district, Karbala governorate in a silty clay soil during the year 2020. The research included a study of two factors, the first is the depth of plowing at two levels, namely 13 and 20 cm, which represented the main blocks. The second is the tire inflation pressure at two levels, namely (70 and 140 kPa), which represented the secondary blocks. Slippage percentage, field efficiency, leaf area, and 300 grain weight were studied. The experiment was carried out using a split-plot system under a Randomized complete block design, at three replications. The tillage depth of 13 cm exceeds/transcend by giving it the least slippage of (11.01%), the highest field efficiency of (50.

This study reports the fabrication of tin oxide (SnO₂) thin films using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The effect of ⁶⁰Co (300, 900, and 1200 Gy) gamma radiation on the structural, morphological, and optical features is systematically demonstrated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible light analysis (UV-Vis), respectively In XRD tests, the size of the crystallites decreased from 45.5 to 40.8 nm for the control samples and from 1200 Gy to 60Co for the irradiated samples. Using FESEM analysis, the particle diameter revealed a similar trend to that attained using XRD; in particular, the average diameters were 93.8 and

In this paper, a study of improving the physical properties, mechanical and thermal insulation are conducted to produce gypsum boards with lightweight from waste materials. These boards can be used as an internal packaging wall or partitions tile of non-Bering with a high thermal insulation. Gypsum plaster mixed with waste material like (PET Polyethylene terephthalate, sawdust in size4.75mm and rubber) in different ratio (5%, 7%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%and 30%) of plaster to produce boards and then to find out the effect of these materials on the properties of boards, so that tests of consistency, setting time, flexural strength, density and thermal conductivity were achieved for all samples to find out this effect. The result shows that the

The erythrocyte aggregation is an important physiological phenomenon in the circulation of blood. It is a basic characteristic of normal blood that plays a major role in the cardiovascular system, especially in the microcirculation. This study explained the kinetics of single cells rouleaux formation one- dimensional aggregate and three- dimensional aggregate, during simultaneous, and the effect of hematocrit on the process of aggregation and sedimentation. The present study was done on forty one healthy subjects. Laser light is passed through a well mixed sample of blood and the forward scattered light intensities recorded continuously. The samples were prepared with different hematocrit, (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). Increasing

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nonnutritive sucking habits on the presence of oral Escherichia coli. Methods. One hundred and twenty children aged 3–5 years old were enrolled in the present case-control study, as follows: 60 children with continuous pacifier and thumb sucking habits (study group) and 60 children without any sucking habits (control group). The children in the two groups were matched in terms of age and gender. Information was gathered from the parents concerning their children using a special sheet. Sterile swabs were taken from both groups and cultured on agar plates. Then, they were subjected to further biochemical tests to identify E. coli species. The mean of the E. coli count was determ

Cobalt substituted nickel copper ferrite samples with general formula Ni0.95-xCoxCu0.05Fe2O4, where (x= 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) were prepared by solid-state reactions method at 1373 K for 4h. The samples prepared were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD(, atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Vickers hardness. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the formation of a single phase of cubic spinel structure in all the prepared samples . XRD analysis showed that the increase in the cobalt concentration causes an increase in the lattice constant, bulk density (ρm) and the x-ray density (ρx), whereas porosity (p) and crystallite size (D) decrease. The Topography of the surface observed

The photonconductor detectors CdSe:Cu was fabricated as a thin film of (1 μm) in thickness using vacuum evaporation technique. doping with copper was made using vacuum annealing at 350oC under argon atmosphere . The spectral responsivity and spectral detectivity of the detector were determined as a function of incident wavelength on the sample. A remarkable improvement in performance was absorbed for the specimen, which doping with (1-5 wt%) Cu.
The spectral response increases with increasing of wavelength for incident radiation to maximum value, after that , it reduced sharply . There is a shifting for peak responsivity indirect of higher wavelength. The detectivity was increased with doping but its decreased as the concentration in