The goal of current research is to identify the difficulties in the application of modern physics in the middle schools of the province of Baghdad schools from the perspective of teachers of physics trends, sample search of (127) teachers, Karkh Third Directorate, and use Researcher questionnaire data collection tool after applying it to teachers who have experience (5) years and more after confirmation of the validity and reliability of the scale (the tool) researcher has used the averages for the purpose of interpreting the results. the results showed that the difficulties have been in the order following: (difficulties related educational environment of modern trends of teaching, curriculum-related difficulties, difficulties rel

Considering the magnitude of its economic, social and political impact, unemployment represents a crucial challenge confronting the majority of the countries of the world. The problem of the study was the high rates of unemployment in Sudan and the inability of economic growth rates to keep pace with the steady increases in unemployment rates during the study period. This study aimed to identify the economic and social variables influencing unemployment rate in Sudan, in addition to measuring the impact of these variables over the period (1981-2015). Data were collected from databases of the World Bank and Atlas of the World's data .The study hypothesized the presence of statistically significant and direct relationship between u

Summery Abu Nawas poem won a great interest on the part of learners of Arabic literature.Studied in many ways ,trying to explore it’s the meanings ,purpose and psychological part of him. I have found that poem of Abu Nawas was divided into two parts ,one is the opposite of the other. Prostitution and asceticism. I tried to elucidate the factors control of the poem and then factors interestingness then studied patterns of censors .I found from them Calipha , poets and critics who then no one in the amount of influence in poetry by immorality to prosecution and faithful representation of reality ,but the poet can skillfully evade censorship that choking him in various ways such as satire cynism and transcendence it is able to so through the

     يتناول البحث العلاقة بين الأسلوبية والنقد الأدبي والمقارنة بينهما بعد التعريف بهما وبالأدب. ويتناول أيضا موقف النقد الأدبي الحديث من الأسلوبية. ويميز بين نوعين من الأسلوبية: أسلوبية الأدب التي يتناولها النقد الأدبي، والأسلوبية الحديثة. وبيان الفروق بين النوعين. وسنرى في البحث أن الأسلوبية على الرغم من انتمائها الى اللغة والأدب والنقد والبلاغة، لكنها استطاعت أن تستقل بخصائص تجعلها علما مستقلا عن ا

The past decades have witnessed a development in the concept of corporate governance and the transformation of a concept that is limited to large companies listed in capital markets in major economies to an issue that concerns all business activities in the public and private sectors in both large and small countries. The aim of this research is to propose a guide to the mechanisms and rules of governance in the municipal institutions that contributes to the activation of the internal control system to reduce the fraud and manipulation of this activity. Institutions. The research was based on the hypothesis that the implementation of the principles and rules of governance in municipal institutions lead to the contribution of the activati

  Estimation stage is one of most important in process of selecting and identification for fit model, this model gives a best results if the good methods of estimation are depended on, one of those methods is Bayes method for estimation the parameters, it puts an assumption that parameter have a distribution.

 This paper studies the robustness of estimators of empirical Bayes to know the properties of those estimators.

Performance measures are a central component of management control system, making good planning and control decisions requires information about how different subunits of organizations have performed. To be effective, performance measures (both financial and nonfinancial) must also motivate managers and employees at all levels of organization to strive to achieve organization goals.

To give aclear picture about performance must be used compound measure, that was best than single measure.

Altman model can be used as a compound performance measure that measures the performance by tied a sum of variables, due to make weight for every variable to reach for performance.

تناولنا في هذا البحث الحافظ محمد بن وضاح الاندلسي، وأقواله في الجرح والتعديل / دراسة مقارنة مع اقوال ائمة الجرح والتعديل ،تكلمنا في المبحث الاول عن ترجمة موجزة عن  حياته: شملت  مولده ، ونسبه، وكنية ، ونشأته ، وشيوخه ، وتلاميذه ،وطلبه للعلم وثناء العلماء عليه، ووفاته. وفي المبحث الثاني: تحدثنا عن الرواة الذين كرر فيهم صفة التوثيق, وفي المبحث الثالث: تناولنا فيه الرواة الذين وثقهم مقارنة مع اقوال ائمة