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The Effect of Circuit Training Exercises on Certain Physical Fitness Elements of Iraq Stars League Referees
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The study aims to study the effect of some circuit training exercises on the physical fitness of the referees in the Iraqi Stars League. In the study the experimental design used pre-test and post-test to measure improvement of the participants in speed, agility, and overall endurance. There were 24 referees that performed structured circuit training for 8 weeks. Gradually, the training sessions were tailored to maintain an ongoing improvement of the different components of physical fitness required for high-quality referees. The findings showed marked improvements in the physical capacity of referees, with times taken for the sprint and the agility tests falling significantly. Statistical analysis verified that improvements were significant with circuit training effectively enhancing important fitness components needed to officiate fast-paced football games. In addition to physical conditioning, outlines and highlights the wider range of influences structured training programs have in enhancing referee efficiency, minimizing fatigue-related mistakes, and ensuring optimal positioning throughout matches. These results underscore the utility of a circuit approach to improving referees’ fitness and their ability the meet the demands of Olympic football match officiating. Referee preparation programs can benefit significantly from the insights offered in this study when it comes to training organizations and professionals involved in the process. This is an important study that adds to the body of work that we already have in relation to including a structured fitness programme as part of referees conditioning programmes. Future inquiries can investigate factors like retention of improved fitness levels over extended durations, increased fitness through both physiological and psychological pathways such as improved decision-making, and the inclusion of advanced digital tracking systems allow for functional adaptations to be assessed in real-time.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 02 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Aquatic, Alcoholic and Oily Extracts of Cocos nucifera L.on the Growth of Certain Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Wounds and Burns Infections
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Three types of extracts ( aquatic, alcoholic, and oily ) were prepared from the fruits of coconuts, and a series of chemical tests were conducted in addition to the use of the FTIR equipment to determine the active locations in the prepared extracts. The results indicated the presence of active compounds (tannins, saponins, flavonoids, turbines and steroids) in the extracts prepared from the fruits of coconuts, also the antimicrobial capability of these extracts were tested on pathogenic bacteria isolated from wounds and burns infections cases. The results proved that the concentration 80 mg/ml of the aquatic extract is the minimum inhibitory concentration for the microbes: Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas fluorescence, while the

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Aquatic, Alcoholic and Oily Extracts of Cocos nucifera L.on the Growth of Certain Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Wounds and Burns Infections
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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Revista Iberoamericana De Psicologia Del Ejercicio Y El Deportethis Link Is Disabled.,
THE EFFECT OF EXERCISES WITHIN A FACTORY HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE IN REDUCING THE DEGREE OF PAIN IN A SAMPLE OF BACK PATIENTS
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Scopus
Publication Date
Tue Apr 14 2020
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The Effect of Using the Bybee Strategy(5ES) according to Brain Control Patterns in Learning a Kinetic Series on Floor exercises in Artistic Gymnastics for men
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The aim of this study to identify patterns of cerebral control (right and left) for second grade students in the collage of physical education and sports science of the University of Baghdad, as well as identify the definition of theThe Effect of Using the Bybee Strategy(5ES) according to Brain Control Patterns in Learning a Kinetic Series on Floor exercises in Artistic Gymnastics for menمجلة الرياضة المعاصرةالمجلد 19 العدد 1 عام 2020effect using the (Bybee) strategy (5ES) according to brain control patterns inlearning a Kinetic series on floor exercises In artistic gymnastics for men, andidentify the best combination between the four research groups learn, use Finderexperimental method research sample consi

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering And Applied Sciences
Estimation of concentration of radioactive elements for the Liquid Waste pool in radiochemistry laboratories in Al Tuwaitha site Baghdad-Iraq
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Scopus (3)
Scopus
Publication Date
Fri Oct 09 2026
Journal Name
Misan Journal For Physical Education Sciences
The impact of three models of training load on the development of the maximum strength for elite boxers
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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Impact of Varying of Structural & Formal Urban Types on the Coherence of Elements of Dense Urban Fabric
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Planning for a city with human identity considers the needs of human being that exist in the traditional cities where it was so easy creating place there, on the other hand, modern cities refuse these values and reduce the human characters of urban fabric elements , and the searching for the concept of " Urban Coherence " considers the knowledge about urban theory, especially Morphological attitudes finding three sides of making the coherence of dense urban fabric which are " Functional Complementarily , Formal Complementarily ,

Contextual complementarily “and the differentiation of these sides within the variety of spatial structural patterns between the organic type of traditional city and the gridiron type of modern city. To

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences And Humanities
THE EFFECT OF SPECIAL EXERCISES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOMENTARY BIOMECHANICAL STRENGTH OF THE SKILL OF THE TWO REAR AIR CORES ON THE PARALLEL DEVICE IN THE TECHNICAL GYMNASTICS OF THE EMERGING PLAYERS
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Gymnastics is one of the most interesting games in terms of organizing various world championships and tournaments. Their basic skills and their technical development, especially those with high difficulty levels that rely on basic and complex skills, are the basic skills of gymnastics are the main pillar to be developed and therefore high-difficulty skills will not depend on basic skills, which should reach the stage of the automatic mechanism. Retention) in order to move on to training and developing another skill for the difficulty of movements as well as the smooth flow of performance, ie the degrees of difficulty of each skill specific to your gym and The researcher used the experimental method and The research community determin

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 09 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies And Researches Of Sport Education
The effect of rebound jumping exercises on the development of the special strength of the lower limbs among the players of the National Center for the Nurturing of Talented Sports in the high jump.
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The high bounce activity according to the fosbery way is regarded as of the difficult sports concerning its way of training and perfection due to hard technique of its performance on one hand and because it depends on the player’s ability to overcome body weight resistance against the gravity. In addition to the strong ability to control the body posture when leaving the land and flying over the barrier. This activity needs to high plosion power at the moment of bouncing and this plosion depends on the period of bouncing, so the two researchers aimed to use a mechanical bouncing platform and an electronic one through several training by one foot and both feet in different directions and positions in order to reduce the time of bouncing an

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2015
Journal Name
5th International Conference On Energy Aware Computing Systems & Applications
Area efficient test circuit for library standard cell qualification
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High cost of qualifying library standard cells on silicon wafer limits the number of test circuits on the test chip. This paper proposes a technique to share common load circuits among test circuits to reduce the silicon area. By enabling the load sharing, number of transistors for the common load can be reduced significantly. Results show up to 80% reduction in silicon area due to load area reduction.

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