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Optimal Hybrid Type-2 Fuzzy-PID Controller for Blade Pitch Angle in Horizontal-axis Wind Turbines
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In the modern world, wind turbine (WT) has become the largest source of renewable energy. The horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) has higher efficiency than the vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT). The blade pitch angle (BPA) of WT is controlled to increase output power generation over the rated wind speed. This paper proposes an accurate controller for BPA in a 500-kw HAWT. Three types of controllers have been applied and compared to find the best controller: PID controller (PIDC), fuzzy logic type-2 controller (T2FLC), and hybrid type-2 fuzzy-PID controller (T2FPIDC). This paper has been used Mamdani and Sugeno fuzzy inference systems (FIS) to find the best inference system for WT controllers. Furthermore, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) have been applied and compared to find the best tuning of PID parameters. The results demonstrate that the hybrid T2FPIDC under the Sugeno FIS with optimal PID using PSO produces the best results in terms of stable output power at variable wind speeds and reducing the error in the output signal.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Determining the Optimal Ratio of Liquidity in Iraqi Commercial Banks for period (2005-2013): applied research using Iraqi Commercial Banks as a sample study
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  This study  focused on a fundamental issue which was represented by ability of Iraqi central bank in facing the difficulty of determining  the optimal ratio of liquidity in the Iraqi banks in terms of the balancing between its obligations to the depositors and borrowers, and liquidate their funds on one hand and the risks on the other hand.the search aimed  for achieving the goals which represented by identifying the possibility of Iraqi banks to apply the regulations rules and  instructions  issued by central bank  of  Iraq in determining  ratio  of  liquidity and  its  appropriate with Iraqi  banks  action to implement  a  reasonable  profit to&

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Inorganic And Organometallic Polymers And Materials
Improving the Mechanical Properties, Roughness, Thermal Stability, and Contact Angle of the Acrylic Polymer by Graphene and Carbon Fiber Doping for Waterproof Coatings
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
CALCULATION BIASES FOR COEFFICIENTS AND SCALE PARAMETER FOR LINEAR (TYPE 1) EXTREME VALUE REGRESSION MODEL FOR LARGEST VALUES
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Abstract

Characterized by the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) on Maximum Likelihood for the greatest possible way that the exact moments are known , which means that it can be found, while the other method they are unknown, but approximations to their biases correct to 0(n-1) can be obtained by standard methods. In our research expressions for approximations to the biases of the ML estimators (the regression coefficients and scale parameter) for linear (type 1) Extreme Value Regression Model for Largest Values are presented by using the advanced approach depends on finding the first derivative, second and third.

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 07 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Synthesis and Characterization of Tetradentate Complexes Type N2O2 From the Reaction of 2-Hydroxy -1, 2-Diphynel-Ethanone Oxime [H2L] With Mn II, Fe II, Co II, Ni II, Cu II and Hg II Ions
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Tetradentate complexes type [M (HL) 2] were prepared from the reaction of 2-hydroxy -1, 2-diphynel-ethanone oxime [H2L] and KOH with ( Mn II, Fe II, Co II, Ni II , Cu II and Hg II ), in methanol with (2:1) metal: ligand ratio. The general formula for Cu II and Mn II complexes are [M (HL) 2 Cl.H2O] K, for Co II [Co (HL) 2. H2O] and [M (HL) 2] for the rest of complexes. All compounds were characterised by spectroscopic methods, I.R, U.V-Vis, H.P.L.C, atomic absorption and conductivity measurements chloride content. From the data of these measurements, the proposed molecular structures for Fe II and Hg II complexes are tetrahedrals, while Mn II and Cu II complexes are octahedrals, Ni II complex adopting square planar structure and the complex

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 05 2013
Journal Name
Eng. & Tech. Journal
Snubber Network Design for Triac Driving Single – Phase Industrial Heater by Applying Fuzzy Logic Method
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Power switches require snubbing networks for driving single – phase industrial heaters. Designing these networks, for controlling the maximum allowable rate of rise of anode current (di/dt) and excessive anode – cathode voltage rise (dv/dt) of power switching devices as thyristors and Triacs, is usually achieved using conventional methods like Time Constant Method (TCM), resonance Method (RM), and Runge-Kutta Method (RKM). In this paper an alternative design methodology using Fuzzy Logic Method (FLM) is proposed for designing the snubber network to control the voltage and current changes. Results of FLM, with fewer rules requirements, show the close similarity with those of conventional design methods in such a network of a Triac drivin

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis of substituted (oxazepine, Diazepine, tetrazde) via Schiff Bases for 2- Aminobenzo Thaizole Derivatives
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This work includs synthesis of several Schiff bases by condensation of 6- methoxy – 2- amino benzothiazole with some aldehydes and ketones (2- hydroxyl benzaldehyde, 4- hydroxyl benzaldehyde, 4- N,N –dimethy amino acetophenone, benzophenone) to abtain schiff bases (1-5). These schiff bases were found to react with phthalate anhydride to give oxazepine derivatives (6-10) that were reacted with primary aromatic amines to give Diazepine derivatives (11-15). Besides, we prepared new tetrazole derivatives (16-20) from the reaction of the prepared Schiff bases with sodium azide in the prepared compounds that were characterized by physical properties, FT-IR and some of the 1H-NMR and 13C –NMR spectroscopy.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 05 2022
Journal Name
Heat Transfer
Numerical investigation of natural convection in a square enclosure partially filled with horizontal layers of a porous medium
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Abstract<p>Two‐dimensional buoyancy‐induced flow and heat transfer inside a square enclosure partially occupied by copper metallic foam subjected to a symmetric side cooling and constant heat flux bottom heating was tested numerically. Finite Element Method was employed to solve the governing partial differential equations of the flow field and the Local Thermal Equilibrium model was used for the energy equation. The system boundaries were defined as lower heated wall by constant heat flux, cooled lateral walls, and insulated top wall. The three parameters elected to conduct the study are heater length (7 ≤ <italic>ζ</italic> ≤ 20 cm), constant heat flux (150 ≤ <italic>q<</italic></p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Laminar Free Convection In Horizontal Annulus Filled With Glass Beads And With Annular Fins On The Inner Cylinder
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An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer by natural convection and radiation in a two dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous media (glass beads) between two horizontal concentric cylinders. The outer cylinders are of (100, 82 and70mm) outside diameters and the inner cylinder of 27 mm outside diameter with (or without) annular fins attached to it. Under steady state condition; the inner cylinder surface is maintained at a high temperature by applying a uniform heat flux and the outer cylinder surface at a low temperature inside a freezer. The experiments were carried out for an annulus filled with
glass beads at a range of modified Rayleigh number (4.9 ≤ Ra≤ 69), radiation

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
A Comparative Study of Pressure Losses and Hole Cleaning Efficiency of Water and Polymer solutions in Horizontal Wells
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The main objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of the CMC polymeric drag reducer on the pressure drop occurred along the annulus of the wellbore in drilling operation and investigate the optimum polymer concentration that give the minimum pressure drop. A flow loop was designed for this purpose consist from 14 m long with transparent test section and differential pressure transmitter that allows to sense and measure the pressure losses along the test section. The results from the experimental work show that increasing in polymer concentration help to reduce the pressure drop in annulus and the optimum polymer concentration with the maximum drag reducing is 0.8 kg/m3. Also increasing in flow rate a

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 11 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Dynamics And Control
The modified predator–prey model response to the effects of global warming, wind flow, fear, and hunting cooperation
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Global warming has a serious impact on the survival of organisms. Very few studies have considered the effect of global warming as a mathematical model. The effect of global warming on the carrying capacity of prey and predators has not been studied before. In this article, an ecological model describing the relationship between prey and predator and the effect of global warming on the carrying capacity of prey was studied. Moreover, the wind speed was considered an influencing factor in the predation process after developing the function that describes it. From a biological perspective, the nonnegativity and uniform bounded of all solutions for the model are proven. The existence of equilibria for the model and its local stability is inves

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