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Effect of Atmospheric Mixing on Spectral Reflectivity in Sentinel Images of Baghdad Province
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The lowest layer of the atmosphere is called the atmospheric mixed layer, characterized by small-scale, irregular air motions defined by winds that change in speed and direction. Aerosol radiative effects impact the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), which holds most aerosols in the lower atmosphere. Aerosol absorption and scattering both lower the quantity of solar energy that reaches the ground, which has an impact on the spectral signature of the land coverings. In this study, 51 locations in downtown Baghdad were chosen for four different types of land cover (water bodies, farms, open areas, and residential areas) for Sentinel 2 satellite imagery, and the time the pictures were taken was 8:00 am ( 22 March, 22 June, 20 September, and 22 December) 2021. Their spectral reflectance was calculated at the NIR band using a mathematical equation in the ArcGIS program for Sentinel 2 satellite images that had been processed and analyzed. Also, atmospheric boundary layer height and solar radiation values were downloaded for the same date as the satellite images and compared with the spectral reflectivity values of the land covers(agriculture area, residential area, open area, and river) and knowing the effect of the mixing layer and solar radiation on the spectral reflectance values. The highest value of spectral reflectivity, mixing layer height, and solar radiation was in June at (0.065, 1965.524629, and 897.7088) respectively.  The spectral reflectivity of plants at near-infrared (NIR) was higher than the rest of the earth’s features because plants reflect near-infrared radiation and absorb the red and blue parts of the spectrum.  

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2015
Journal Name
International Photonics And Optoelectronics
Canonical Logic Units using Bidirectional Four-Wave Mixing in Highly Nonlinear Fiber
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All-optical canonical logic units at 40 Gb/s using bidirectional four-wave mixing (FWM) in highly nonlinear fiber are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Clear temporal waveforms and correct pattern streams are successfully observed in the experiment. This scheme can reduce the amount of nonlinear devices and enlarge the computing capacity compared with general ones. The numerical simulations are made to analyze the relationship between the FWM efficiency and the position of two interactional signals. © 2015 Chinese Laser Press

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 17 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Application of Kass' Snake in Medical Images Segmentation
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A   snake   is   an   energy-minimizing   spline   guided   by   external

constraint forces and influenced by image forces that pull it toward features such as lines and edges. Snakes are active contour models: they lock onto nearby edges, localizing them accurately. Snakes provide a unified account of a number of visual problems, including detection of edges, lines, and motion tracking. We have used snakes successfully for segmentation, in  which  user-imposed  constraint forces guide the snake near features of interest (anatomical structures). Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) data set and Ultrasound images are used for our experiments.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 31 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
QUALITY STANDARDS OF PRESS IMAGES IN NEWS WEBSITES
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This research aims to reveal the quality standards available in press images published in the news sites, the Iraqi News Agency and Al-Mada Press for the period from: 1/9/2019, to: 30/9/2019. The research is a descriptive research, in which the researcher relied on the survey methodology to achieve its objectives. The research reached a number of results, most notably the weak role of photojournalists in the websites and the adoption of those the Internet as a source for obtaining press images published with news and reports through its pages, as well as the neglect of the standard Description/Comment below the press images, which plays an important function in explaining and interpreting them for users.

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 22 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Environmental Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentrations in Atmospheric Air at Daura Refinery
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in aerosol from air samples, which collected for the period from April 2012 to February 2013, in Baghdad city, at Daura Refinery. Aerosol samples were collected on cellulose fiber filters for 1.5 h in each site for the morning and evening time. These aerosol samples undergone soxhlet extraction.
After the extraction, 49 samples were analyzed by GC-MS in order to determin 16 PAH compounds. The parameters temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were measured during the measurement period. The PAH concentrations were different for location inside and outside Daura refinery. Naphthalene was the most abundant PAH detected in all points at the site sampling for all seasons. There i

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Automatic Segmentation and Identification of Abnormal Breast Region in Mammogram Images Based on Statistical Features
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Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases among women;
Mammography is at present one of the available method for early detection of
abnormalities which is related to breast cancer. There are different lesions that are
breast cancer characteristic such as masses and calcifications which can be detected
trough this technique. This paper proposes a computer aided diagnostic system for
the extraction of features like masses and calcifications lesions in mammograms for
early detection of breast cancer. The proposed technique is based on a two-step
procedure: (a) unsupervised segmentation method includes two stages performed
using the minimum distance (MD) criterion, (b) feature extraction based on Gray

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect Study the of Acute toxoplasmosis on Some Blood and Serum Parameters in Pregnant Women in Baghdad City
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In this study the rate of infection in acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii parasite that causes toxoplasmosis was determined. This study was Included 120 blood samples that collected from pregnant women revisions to some clinics and laboratories in Baghdad civil as well as 10 blood samples from non-infected women as a control group. All blood samples were collected in the first three months of the pregnancy period for detection toxoplasmosis by using serological tests of test kit ( Toxo , IgG.,Toxo , IgM ). To detect antibodies specialized type of IgG &IgM in acute and the chronic infection by Electro Clia manner using a Roche Cobas e411. The results showed that the total infection rate was (55.83)%, the rate of infection in acu

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 24 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Spectral Analysis of Remote Sensing Data
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In the present work, different remote sensing techniques have been used to analyze remote sensing data spectrally using ENVI software. The majority of algorithms used in the Spectral Processing can be organized as target detection, change detection and classification. In this paper several methods of target detection have been studied such as matched filter and constrained energy minimization.
The water body mapping have been obtained and the results showed changes on the study area through the period 1995-2000. Also the results that obtained from applying constrained energy minimization were more accurate than other method comparing with the real situation.

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Brucella Synovitis in Ninevah Province
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Abstract Out of 222 patients complaining from signs and symtomps raised suspicion for brucellosis, 39 (16 males and 23 females) further more they suffered from joint and/or swelling. Blood and synovial fluid (SF) from each patient were subjected to serological tests and culture. Concerning SF specimens the investigations were extended to gross examination, Blood-Synovial Fluid Glucose Difference (G-S.F.G.D), protein determination, total and differential W.B.C. count. The investigations revealed high agglutinin titres in both blood and SF specimens, abnormal gross appearance, high value (beyond normal)

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 29 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Effect of Using Inter-Frame Coding with Jpeg to Improve the Compression of Satellite Images
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Many recent satellite image compression methods depends on removing the spectral and spatial redundancies within image only , such these methods known as intra-frame(image) coding such as predictive and transformed based techniques , but these contributions needs a hard work in order to improve the compression performance also most of them are applied on individual data. The other trend is to exploit the temporal redundancy between the successive satellite images captured for the same area from different views, different sensors, or at different times, which will be much correlated and removing this redundancy will improve the compression performance and this principle known as inter-frame(image) coding .In this paper, a latest powerful

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
NEW HOST PLANTS RECORD FOR THE BROWN SOFT SCALE COCCUS HESPERIDUM LINNAEUS, 1758 (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE) IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE, IRAQ
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    An investigation was provided in this work for the host range of brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus in Baghdad Province.  Five plant species were found infected by this insect, three of these species, Citrusaurantium L. (Rutaceae); Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae); Ficuscarica L. (Moraceae) reported earlier, and the remaining two, Dahlia pinnata Cav. (Asteraceae) and Myrtuscommunis L. (Myrtaceae) are recordedhere for the first time as host plants for this pest.

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