Background: Nursing interventions tailored to the smoking triggers in patients with non-communicable chronic diseases are essential. However, these interventions are scant due to the nature of factors associated with smoking cessation and the poor understanding of the effect of nurse-led intervention in Iraq.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the dominant smoking triggers and examine the effects of a tailored nursing intervention on smoking behavior in patients with non-communicable chronic diseases.Methods: Convenience samples of 128 patients with non-communicable chronic diseases, male and female patients, who were 18-70 years old, were recruited in this quasi-experimental, randomized comparative trial in the outpatient clinic in one major teaching hospital in Baghdad City, Iraq. The intervention included simple yet specific instructions that were given both orally and in written form to the study samples to enable them to manage their craving to smoke for 6 weeks. The smoking triggers were assessed using Why Do You Smoke questionnaire. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either the nurse-led intervention or standard care. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, logistic regression, and two-sided tests.Results: Stress reduction was the dominant smoking trigger among subjects. The percentage of participants who were either able to completely quit smoking or reduce the number of smoked cigarettes per day (n=19, 29.7%; n=28, 43.8%, respectively) was greater in the study group than those in the control group (n=5, 5.8%; n=5, 5.8%, respectively). Study findings demonstrated significant differences in the inability to improve readiness to quit smoking between the intervention group and control group (p=0.000) at the sixth-week follow-up.Conclusion: The tailored nursing intervention was effective for a successful achievement of smoking reduction and cessation among patients with non-communicable chronic diseases, and a potential to equip nurses in clinical settings to support patients to achieve this is recommended.
This study aimed at analyzing and studying the strategic and geopolitical importance of the Sahel region, which increased the regional competition for the resources of the region, especially the energy resources that have been and continue to be one of the axes of conflict and competition between these forces.
The researcher tried to review the competition between the international force, France, the United States of America, China, Algeria and Libya, and the African coast. We note that there is a positive correlation between the severity of the conflict and the intensity of the competition of the major powers to control the countries of the region and the extent of political and economic stability These countries are directly affecte
This research attempted to take advantage of modern techniques in the study of the superstructural phonetic features of spoken text in language using phonetic programs to achieve more accurate and objective results, far from being limited to self-perception and personal judgment, which varies from person to person.
It should be noted that these phonological features (Nabr, waqf, toning) are performance controls that determine the fate of the meaning of the word or sentence, but in the modern era has received little attention and attention, and that little attention to some of them came to study issues related to the composition or style Therefore, we recommend that more attention should be given to the study of
Let be an infinite dimensional separable complex Hilbert space and let , where is the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators on . In this paper we prove the following results. If is a operator, then 1. is a hypercyclic operator if and only if D and for every hyperinvariant subspace of . 2. If is a pure, then is a countably hypercyclic operator if and only if and for every hyperinvariant subspace of . 3. has a bounded set with dense orbit if and only if for every hyperinvariant subspace of , .
The research aims to identify the educational values prevailing in the small kinetic games for the children of Riyadh, and to categorize the educational values of the kinetic games small children Riyadh. The research analyzed the content of a number of small kinetic games that included studied physical education at the two pre-kindergarten and stipulated by the Platform for kindergartens, which is being applied. The content analysis was used by analysts agreement with themselves over time (21) days. The agreement between the external researcher and analyst. The researcher used the Cooper to extract equation lab agreement between the researcher and the outside analyst, has reached agreement on determining factor idea and label values (0.8
... Show MoreThis paper presents an approach to license plate localization and recognition. A proposed method is designed to control the opening of door gate based on the recognition of the license plates number in Iraq. In general the system consists of four stages; Image capturing, License plate cropping, character segmentation and character recognition. In the first stage, the vehicle photo is taken from standard camera placed on the door gate with a specific distance from the front of vehicle to be processed by our system. Then, the detection method searches for the matching of the license plate in the image with a standard plate. The segmentation stage is performed by is using edge detection. Then character recognition, done by comparing with templ
... Show Moredictates the need to study the cultural aspects of the context and the consequent relations between the person and the objective environment surrounding him, as the philosophical understanding of the role of culture has led to the emergence of new theoretical interpretations of design that are organically linked with the development of society, especially that the development of the human environment philosophically and culturally is linked to the philosophical perception of its role in Culture as a precondition for new theoretical interpretations of design.
From the above, this problem can be studied by defining the following question (What are the implications of the cultural context in graphic design)?
The research included
The estimation of quantity of liquid that is collected from gas/oil separation system is a very complex task because it requires the application of the flash calculations which needs to solve the cubic equation of state and to use some numerical techniques. These difficulties can be overcome by a computer model which requires a lot of experimental data, long time, and experience.
This paper adopts a new technique to simplify this problem. It suggests new correlations for optimum separator pressure for separation station of heavy oils. The correlations have been achieved for two- and three- stage separation systems.
The co