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Application of RAPD-PCR and Phylogenetic Analysis for Accurate Characterization of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Chicken and Their Feed and Drinking Water
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The aim of this study was ‎the‎ discrimination of Salmonella‎‎ isolated from chicken and their feed ‎and drinking water for the epidemiological control of salmonellosis. Totally, 289 samples, ‎including 217 chicken cloaca swabs, 46 water, and 26 feed samples were collected from five ‎different farms in Karbala governorate, Iraq. Conventional bacteriology tests, API 20E, Vitek 2, ‎and serology were used for bacterial identification. Random amplified polymorphic ‎DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to analyze the genetic relationships ‎among Salmonella‎‎ isolates. The isolation rate of Salmonella‎‎ spp. was 21.1% (61/289). While the ‎water samples constituted the highest rate (30.4%), a rate of 21.7% was reported for the cloaca ‎swabs, with no isolate at all from chicken feed. Vitek 2 was able to identify some isolates to the ‎serotype level, such as S. Enteritidis, S. Paratyphi B, and S. Paratyphi C. However, the isolates ‎were diagnosed as S. enterica by API 20E, and as S. enterica subsp. arizonae through serology. ‎Analyzing the samples by the RAPD-PCR assay showed the presence of genetically different ‎Salmonella‎‎ spp. Dendrograms created by the GelJ software successfully delineated the genetic ‎relationships. Therefore, RAPD-PCR can be used as a surrogate tool for the fast, reliable, and ‎accurate detection of Salmonella‎‎ in epidemiological surveys when compared with other ‎biochemical-based identification methods.

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 10 2025
Journal Name
Pharmakeftiki
Genetic polymorphisms and adverse effects that affect the natalizumab clinical response: a review
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The clinical response to natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be significantly influenced by genetic variation. Mutations in genes related to the drug’s mechanism of action or the pathological milieu of MS can contribute substantially to interindividual differences in treatment outcomes. This review aims to provide an overview of previous studies that have examined genetic polymorphisms associated with the clinical efficacy of natalizumab. A systematic literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases using targeted keywords relevant to the subject matter. Several genetic loci were found to be linked to natalizumab responsiveness, including the integrin subunit alpha 4 (ITGA4

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2010
Journal Name
Al Adab Journel
Gender Struggle and Women's Predicament in Tennessee Williams' A Street Car named Desire
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to shed light on the theme of Gender Struggle and Women’s Predicament in Tennessee Williams’ A Street Car Named Desire .The paper tries to show William's dealings with the critical social themes like Men's Brutality and women's predicament. The paper exposes the complete shift of the balance of power between the genders in America after the two world wars. Williams illustrates society’s changing attitudes towards masculinity and denounces the society's attitudes towards women in America at that time. He rebels against the cruelty of the modern age and regrets the disintegration of the values of the south and their being replaced by the disruptive forces of modern life. In the end of the play, brutalit

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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2020
Journal Name
Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy
Methotrexate effect on obestatin, progranulin and kidney function in RA Iraqi males patients
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Methotrxate (MTX) has become the standard of care and first-line therapy for patients who have RA and consider as a gold standard of treatment for RA. The role of MTX in the treatment of RA has now been well established. The use of MTX treatment of RA inhibits proliferation of the lymphocytes, reduces signs and symptoms this disease, reduces progression damage of the joints and improves quality of life outcome. Progranulin (PGRN) acts a role in autoimmune inflammatory, has important function in several processes including immune response. Present study has conducted to find the effect of MTX drugs as a therapeutic target for RA patients because of its ability to bind with tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), with progranulin, obestatin an

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Geopolitical dimensions to build a dam on the downstream Renaissance (Egypt and Sudan)
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Varied uses of international rivers in the past few decades dramatically, resulting in this multiplicity of uses and all associated with it for the occurrence of freshwater scarcity activities, and thus an increase in conflicts and disputes around on the rights of each of the riparian countries to benefit from the waters of the river at various purposes, particularly the establishment of dams on some of them as is the case (Renaissance Ethiopian) big impact on downstream countries Dam (Egypt and Sudan), due to the Oukuahma at the end of the Nile Valley made them vulnerable to environmental fluctuations, political crises facing the Nile basin countries, and any reduction in the proportion of water is not only the Nile River, but for all r

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 05 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Security and Privacy Aware Computing Approach on Data Sharing in Cloud Environment
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Today, the role of cloud computing in our day-to-day lives is very prominent. The cloud computing paradigm makes it possible to provide demand-based resources. Cloud computing has changed the way that organizations manage resources due to their robustness, low cost, and pervasive nature. Data security is usually realized using different methods such as encryption. However, the privacy of data is another important challenge that should be considered when transporting, storing, and analyzing data in the public cloud. In this paper, a new method is proposed to track malicious users who use their private key to decrypt data in a system, share it with others and cause system information leakage. Security policies are also considered to be int

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Serum Leptin levels in ovarian polycystic disease and its correlation to body weight
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Background: Poly cystic ovary syndrome is a common disorder in women of reproductive age, it is associated with disturbance of reproductive, endocrine and metabolic functions. The pathophysiology of PCOS appears to be multifactorial and polygenic. Leptin seems to play an important role in pathophysiology of PCOS especially in women with BMI ≥25kg/m2. Objectives: To assess leptin level in both PCOS and healthy women and explore the relation to their body weight and body mass index. Patient and Methods: A total of 120 women were enrolled in this study, 60 women (50%) had PCOS (study group) and the reminder 60 women (50%) were healthy women and considered as control group. BMI was calculated first. Both groups were further sub

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Online And Biomedical Engineering (ijoe)
End-to-End Speaker Profiling Using 1D CNN Architectures and Filter Bank Initialization
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The automatic estimation of speaker characteristics, such as height, age, and gender, has various applications in forensics, surveillance, customer service, and many human-robot interaction applications. These applications are often required to produce a response promptly. This work proposes a novel approach to speaker profiling by combining filter bank initializations, such as continuous wavelets and gammatone filter banks, with one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural networks (CNN) and residual blocks. The proposed end-to-end model goes from the raw waveform to an estimated height, age, and gender of the speaker by learning speaker representation directly from the audio signal without relying on handcrafted and pre-computed acou

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
On the Laser Micro Cutting: Experimentation and Mathematical Modeling based on RSM-CCD
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The laser micro-cutting process is the most widely commonly applied machining process which can be applied to practically all metallic and non-metallic materials. While this had challenges in cutting quality criteria such as geometrical precision, surface quality and numerous others. This article investigates the laser micro-cutting of PEEK composite material using nano-fiber laser, due to their significant importunity and efficiency of laser in various manufacturing processes. Design of experiential tool based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Central Composite Design (CCD) used to generate the statistical model. This method was employed to analysis the influence of parameters including laser speed,

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 06 2026
Journal Name
Annals Of Parasitology
Artemisinin efficacy against old world Leishmania donovani: in vitro and ex vivo study
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Visceral leishmaniosis is one of the most fatal old-world neglected disease with estimated 90 thousand worldwide cases emerge each year. In Iraq, the cutaneous and visceral form are endemic but available chemotherapies are either toxic with diverse side effects, expensive available drugs or parasite …

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 30 2012
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The fundamentalists' position on the absolute prohibition and its impact          In different jurisprudence
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Praise be to God, who started his book with the praise of himself and prayers and peace be upon those who have no prophet after him and his family and companions and those who followed them with charity until the Day of Judgment.
     For it is known to every researcher in jurisprudence and its origins that the semantics in terms of formulas for assignment are divided into an order and a prohibition, and I have seen it necessary to write a small research on the prohibition, and since this topic is complex, and has a great impact on the difference of scholars, I decided to write on one issue of it And it is the absolute prohibition and its effect on the difference of jurists, and what is meant by the absolute p

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