An in-depth experimental study of the matrix effect of antifreeze (ethylene glycol) and water contamination of engine oil through FT-IR spectroscopy. With a comparison of the percent by volume concentration of contaminated fresh 15W-40 engine oil, there appeared to be a noticeable reduction in the O–H stretching signal in the infrared spectrum when ethylene glycol based antifreeze was included as a contaminant. The contaminants of distilled water, a 50/50 mixture of water and commercial ethylene glycol antifreeze, and straight ethylene glycol antifreeze were compared and a signal reduction in the O–H stretch was clearly evident when glycol was present. Doubling the volume of the 50/50 mixture as compared to water alone still resulted in a weaker O–H stretching signal. The possibility that this signal reduction was due to the larger ethylene glycol molecule having fewer O–H bonds in a given sample size was eliminated by comparing samples with the same number of O–H bonds per unit volume. The strong hydrogen bonding between that of water and glycol appeared to reduce the O–H stretching signal, even after comparing the different sample types at concentrations with the same number of O–H bonds per unit volume. Tukey’s highly significant difference was used to show that samples of the 50/50 mixture and straight glycol were not reliably distinguishable from one another when comparing the same number of O–H bonds per unit volume but readily distinguishable from that of water as the lone contaminant.
In this paper, a theoretical study to the effect of journal misalignment on the static characteristics of oil filled porous journal bearing when lubricated with couple stress fluid has been carried out.
The analytical model used through this work is for a bearing with isotropic permeability. Considering isotropic permeability the Reynolds' equation for the oil film is modified to include a so – called filter term and the effect of fluid coupled stress. The pressure equation for the porous medium is obtained from Darcy's law and continuity equation. The equation which was used to evaluate the oil film thickness was modified to include the effect of possible misalignment in longitudinal and transverse directions. The governing eq
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Many letters and theses written on the subject of consensus, as well as in measurement,
But we tried to address a topic of consensus
Building a blind measuring guide.
We have tried to explain the meaning of convening, then the statement of consensus in language and terminology and then the statement of measurement
Also, we have shown the types of consensus mentioned by the jurists, and this is how much was in the first topic, either
The second section included the statement of the doctrines of the blind in the matter, and then the evidence of each doctrine and discussed.
We followed it with the most correct opinion statement and concluded the research with some of the conclusions we reached through
search.
Many water supplies are now contaminated by anthropogenic sources such as domestic and agricultural waste, as well as manufacturing activities, the public's concern about the environmental effects of wastewater contamination has grown. Several traditional wastewater treatment methods, such as chemical coagulation, adsorption, and activated sludge, have been used to eliminate pollution; however, there are several drawbacks, most notably high operating costs, because of its low operating and repair costs, the usage of aerobic waste water treatment as a reductive medium is gaining popularity. Furthermore, it is simple to produce and has a high efficacy and potential to degrade pollu
... Show MoreThe research topics important topic of jurisprudence worship, a ruling Zakat ornaments
prepared for use, and touched the odds scholars in it. Stroll scholars say that there is no Zakat
on ornaments prepared for use have reported their evidence they and the owners say the other
of those who say should be directed to pay zakaat, and discuss those views and statement
Dafeeha of Sahihaa, and came up with a summary then, showed where the prevailing view
that I see in agreement of the transferee and reasonable. Ask Him to show us the right, and
thank God.
The aims of the lecture should be clearly defmed. These will help to define the teaching methods and the structure. If, for example, the purpose of the lecture is to introduce new knowledge and concepts, then a classic lecture structure might be most appropriate. On the other hand, if the purpose is to make the students aware of different approaches to a particular clinical problem, a problem oriented design in which alternative approaches are presented and discussed might be a more appropriate fonnat.
Lectures are still a common teaching methOd in both undergraduate and postgraduak medical education. Properly done, the lectwe is a creative and personal work by the teachll:l modeled upon his intellectual scaffolding. Few other fonns o
This research examines the impact of cornering on the aerodynamic forces and stability of a Nissan Versa (Almera) passenger sedan car by introducing novel modifications. These modifications included single inverted wings with end plates as a front spoiler, double‐element inverted wings with end plates as a rear spoiler, and incorporating the ground as a diffuser under the car trunk. The goal is to enhance the performance and stability of conventional passenger cars. To ensure the accuracy of the numerical data, the study utilized multiple methodologies to model the turbulence model, ultimately selecting the most suitable option. This involved comparing numerical data with wind tunnel experimental d
The research aims to shed light on the concept of Visibal management and its reflection on the organizational culture of the organization. The visual administration is a modern administrative method that contributes to the renewal and development of the organization's reality through surveying the opinions of a sample of 61 employees in the R & D / Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. (130) individuals. The questionnaire was used as a main tool for collecting data and information, and their answers were analyzed using the SPSS program in data entry and analysis. The most important tools are computational circles, standard deviations, method of analysis and regression equation. There is a possibility to apply
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