Background: laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is getting popularity for the treating of symptomatic gall bladder disease; conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy (OC) is also common.

Objective : To find out the prevalence of causes, risk factors of conversion from LC to OC among  patient suffering from gall bladder disease, and  to explore the most common causes of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of general surgery at Alkindy teaching hospital from first of January 2016 to the end of December 2017 .Nine hundred twenty patient were included. Patient age, gender, his

Abstract. Shatt Al-Arab River was the most important tide river in Iraq, it suffered from neglect and lack of maintenance in the past decades. The river embankment is constantly exposed to erosion processes due to several factors, one of the most important of these factors is the movement of water currents due to the tidal energy coming from the Arabian Gulf. In this study, one dimension unsteady-state model was implemented to study river flood capacity simulation by using HEC-RAS (5.0.7) software in Shatt Al Arab River and its tributaries. The data included flow rate, water level records were collected daily from 2018 to 2020 at different stations along the mentioned river and its feeders, additionally, the considered flood discharge data

The aim of this paper is to estimate the concentrations of some heavy metals in Mohammed AL-Qassim Highway in Baghdad city for different distances by using the polynomial interpolation method for functions passing from the data, which is proposed by using the MATLAB software. The sample soil in this paper was taken from the surface layer (0-25 cm depth) at the two sides of the road with four distances (1.5, 10, 25 and 60 m) in each  side of the road. Using this method, we can find the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil at any depth and time without using the laboratory, so this method reduces the time, effort and costs of conducting laboratory analyzes.

Many writers and scientists hardly differentiate between the two instruments of use
(If) and (if) to convergence in the meaning, as they perform the meaning of the penalty and condition, as the answer relates to his condition, but when linguistic meditation we find a great difference in use in terms of meaning, so this research came to reveal these meanings and was extrapolated applied in Surat al-Maidah By counting the verses in which (if) and (if) the cops were given and looking at their contexts, the connotation of the cops in most places was within the context of probability, which is the origin of its use, given in twenty places of Surat al-Ma'idah, and it had multiple connotations according to the contexts of the verses received

Over application courier company (DHL) to keep the quality of service to achieve customer satisfaction the adoption of precedence delivery time - A prospective study))

Become attention to quality is a global phenomenon, and I took organizations and governments around the world attaches special attention, but we can say that quality has become the first function for many organizations, and has become a management philosophy

Myriophyllum spicatum distribution in Al-Burgga marsh, Hor Al-Hammar was described in relation to some of the physical-chemical properties for its habitat (water depth, light penetration, water temperature, water salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, Ca+2, Mg+2, reactive NO2=, reactive NO3-1, and reactive PO4-3) during 2011, seasonally. CANOCO ordination program (CCA) was used to analyse the data. Its vegetation cover percentage was with its peak at summer, its value was 90 %, while the lowest value was 20 % in winter. Statistically, Positive relationships for WT, sal., Ca+2, Mg+2, reactive NO2=, reactive NO3-1, and reactive PO4-3 with the vegetation cover percentage were observed. While, negative relationships for WD, pH, and DO with the ve

This study aims at re-transmit the spirit of the national democratic project of Iraq post of the chaos left by the Daesh terrorist group stage(The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, ISIS) , Which controlled large parts of Iraq, and had an adverse effect on the political scene in Iraq, inspired everyone that there are deficiencies in the political, economic, religious and ethnic structure of the Iraqi people in non-response to democratic thought.The researcher relied on the hypothesis that " the requirements of building a democratic project are based on the need to provide the requirements ranging from two interrelated aspects, like the institutional aspect and the aspect that related to the general and necessary requirements for the establ