The measurement data of the raw water quality of Tigris River were statistically analyzed to measure the salinity value in relation to the selected raw water quality parameters. The analyzed data were collected from five water treatment plants (WTPs) assembled alongside of the Tigris River in Baghdad: Al-Karkh, Al-Karama, Al-Qadisiya, Al-Dora, and Al-Wihda for the period from 2015 to 2021. The selected parameters are total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH and temperature. The main objective of this research is to predicate a mathematical model using SPSS software to calculate the value of salinity along the river, in addition, the effect of electrical conductivity on the salinity value was estimated. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were used to estimate the mathematical models for calculating water salinity value in Tigris River and to present the highest effective parameter that effect on water salinity. In general, the results showed an increase in the water salinity level downstream of the Tigris River towards the south of Baghdad and the EC is the most significant effect on water salinity, and MLR and ANN analyses present a good indication of the mathematical models with highest coefficient of correlation (R2) as (0.999 and 0.998), respectively. In addition, the regression equations proved good performance in predicting the salinity value with error percentage less than 10% for all WTPs.
The research aims to find out the impact of cognitive strategies in the mathematical competence of the students of the fourth scientific in the preparatory mahmoudiyah in the Directorate General of The Education of Karkh 2. A post-test of the mathematical competence prepared by (Jassim, 2018) was applied to the sample of (65) students, distributed into two groups of (33) students as experimental group and (32) students as a control group. The results found there are significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in testing the mathematical competence of students for the experimental group.
There are many problems facing the economic entities as a result of its mass production &variation of its products , the matter which had increased the need & importance of cost accounting which is regarded a main tool for the managerial control.
The actual costing system is unable to meet the contemporary management needs ,so the Standard costing system appear to provide the management with required information to perform its functions by the best use& way.
This research aims to determine the standard cost for the direct material for oil extraction activity by applying it in the north oil company.
This study examines experimentally the performance of a horizontal triple concentric tube heat exchanger TCTHE made of copper metal using water as cooling fluid and oil-40 as hot fluid. Hot fluid enters the inner annular tube of the TCTHE in a direction at a temperature of 50, 60 and 70 oC and a flow rate of 20 l/hr. On the other hand, the cooling fluid enters the inner tube and the outer annular tube in the reverse direction (counter current flow) at a temperature of 25 oC and flow rates of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 l/hr. The TCTHE is composed of three copper tubes with outer diameters of 34.925 mm, 22.25 mm, and 9.525 mm, and thicknesses of 1.27 mm, 1.143 mm, and 0.762 mm, respectively. TCTHE tube's length was 670
... Show MoreThis study focuses on a comparison of the performance of two similar locally-fabricated solar water heaters. One of the collectors features a new design for accelerated absorber; its risers are made of converging ducts whose exit area is half that of the entrance. The other collector is a conventional absorber, with risers of the same cross sectional area along its length. Each collector is the primary part of an indirect thermosyphon circulation solar hot water system. Both collectors face south with a fixed tilt angle of 33.3
A condense study was done to compare between the ordinary estimators. In particular the maximum likelihood estimator and the robust estimator, to estimate the parameters of the mixed model of order one, namely ARMA(1,1) model.
Simulation study was done for a varieties the model. using: small, moderate and large sample sizes, were some new results were obtained. MAPE was used as a statistical criterion for comparison.
The significant shortage of usable water resources necessitated the creation of safe and non-polluting ways to sterilize water and rehabilitate it for use. The aim of the present study was to examine the ability of using a gliding arc discharge to inactivate bacteria in water. Three types of Bacteria satisfactory were used to pollute water which are Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aurous (Gram-positive) and salmonella (Gram-negative). A DC power supply 12V at 100 Hz frequency was employed to produce plasma. pH of water is measured gradually during the plasma treatment process. Contaminated water treated by gliding arc discharge at steadying the gas flow rate (1.5 l/mi
In the current study, a novel approach for separating ethanol-water mixture by microbubble distillation technology was investigated. Traditional distillation processes require large amounts of energy to raise the liquid to its boiling point to effect removal of volatile components. The concept of microbubble distillation by comparison is to heat the gas phase rather than the liquid phase to achieve separation. The removal of ethanol from the thermally sensitive fermentation broths was taken as a case of study. Consequently the results were then compared with those which could be obtained under equilibrium conditions expected in an “ideal” distillation unit. Microbubble distillation has achieved vapour compositions higher than th
... Show MoreThe large number of failure in electrical power plant leads to the sudden stopping of work. In some cases, the necessary reserve materials are not available for maintenance which leads to interrupt of power generation in the electrical power plant unit. The present study, deals with the determination of availability aspects of generator in unit 5 of Al-Dourra electric power plant. In order to evaluate this generator's availability performance, a wide range of studies have been conducted to gather accurate information at the level of detail considered suitable to achieve the availability analysis aim. The Weibull Distribution is used to perform the reliability analysis via Minitab 17, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by approaching o
... Show MoreAtenolol was used with ammonium molybdate to prove the efficiency, reliability and repeatability of the long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) using continuous flow injection analysis. The method is based on reaction between atenolol and ammonium molybdate in an aqueous medium to obtain a dark brown precipitate. Optimum parameters was studied to increase the sensitivity for developed method. A linear range for calibration graph was 0.1-3.5 mmol/L for cell A and 0.3-3.5 mmol/L for cell B, and LOD 133.1680 ng/100 µL and 532.6720 ng/100 µL for cell A and cell B respectively with correlation coefficient (r) 0.9910 for cell A and 0.9901 for cell B, RSD% was lower than 1%, (n=8) for the determination of ate
... Show More