Survival analysis is one of the types of data analysis that describes the time period until the occurrence of an event of interest such as death or other events of importance in determining what will happen to the phenomenon studied. There may be more than one endpoint for the event, in which case it is called Competing risks. The purpose of this research is to apply the dynamic approach in the analysis of discrete survival time in order to estimate the effect of covariates over time, as well as modeling the nonlinear relationship between the covariates and the discrete hazard function through the use of the multinomial logistic model and the multivariate Cox model. For the purpose of conducting the estimation process for both the discrete hazard function and the time-dependent parameters, two estimation methods have been used that depend on the Bayes method according to dynamic modeling: the Maximum A Posterior method (MAP) This method was done using numerical methods represented by a Iteratively Weighted Kalman Filter Smoothing (IWKFS) and in combination with the Expectation maximization algorithm (EM), the other method is represented by the Hybrid Markov Chains Monte Carlo (HMCMC) method using the Metropolis Hasting algorithm (MH) and Gypsum sampling (GS). It was concluded that survival analysis by descretization the data into a set of intervals is more flexible and fluid, as this allows analyzing risks and diagnosing impacts that vary over time. The study was applied in the survival analysis on dialysis until either death occurred due to kidney failure or the competing event, represented by kidney transplantation. The most important variables affecting the patient’s cessation of dialysis were also identified for both events in this research.
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In this paper, the deterministic and the stochastic models are proposed to study the interaction of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) with host cells inside the human body. In the deterministic model, the value of the basic reproduction number determines the persistence or extinction of the COVID-19. If , one infected cell will transmit the virus to less than one cell, as a result, the person carrying the Coronavirus will get rid of the disease .If the infected cell will be able to infect all cells that contain ACE receptors. The stochastic model proves that if are sufficiently large then maybe give us ultimate disease extinction although , and this facts also proved by computer simulation.
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Background: Wound healing, as a normal biological process in the human body, is achieved through four precisely and highly programmed phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Growth factors released in the traumatized area promote cell migration into the wound area (chemotaxis), stimulate the growth of epithelial cells and fibroblasts (mitogenesis), initiate the formulation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), and stimulate matrix formation and remodeling of the affected region. One of factors that effects on wound healing is a sex hormones and one of these hormones is an estrogen hormone. A wide range of cutaneous cell types (eg, fibroblast, endothelial, epithelial, and inflammatory) expressed estrogen receptors, in
... Show MoreGenetic variation was studied in 22 local and imported samples collected from local Iraqi market by using Single sequence repeat (SSR-PCR). Six primers set were used in this study. These primers produced 33 bands. Molecular weights of these bands ranged between 100 bp to 1500 bp. The number of polymorphic bands is 24, whereas the number of monomorphic bands is 9. The results of Dendrogram of the studied samples depended on SSR-PCR results by using Jaccard coefficient for genetic similarity was distributed the samples into 10 groups. This Dendrogram revealed a higher similarity between Iraqi/Balad green bell pepper and Iraqi/Yousifia green bell pepper with 1 value. This value is the highest between samples in comparison with lowest values (0
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Objectives: To assess patients’ knowledge and their adherence to Clopidogrel Therapy Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, and to find out the relationship between patients’ knowledge and their adherence to Clopidogrel Therapy Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Methodology: A descriptive design was carried out at Al- Nasiriyah Heart Center in Thi-Qar Governorate for the period between May 19th, 2022 to October 25th, 2022. A non-probability sampling was used among (50) patients after their Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The study instrument that used to collect data was composed of three parts namely: sociodemographic charac
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In this search, a new bioluminescent technique was proved for pyrophosphate which was employed to single- nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diagnosis using one-base extension reaction. Four Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes were chosen (Rpob, InhA, KatG, GyrA) genes. Fifty-four specimens were used in this study fifty-three proved as drug-resistant specimens by The Iraqi Institute of Chest and Respiratory Diseases in Baghdad., also one specimen was used as a negative control. The procedure of this assay was as follows. A specific primer within each aliquot owning a short 3-OH end of the base of the target gene was hybridized to the single-stranded DNA template. Then, (exo-) Klenow DNA polymerase and one of either ?-thio-dATP, dTTP, dGTP, or dCTP
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Fusobacterium are compulsory anaerobic gram-negative bacteria, long thin with pointed ends, it causes several illnesses to humans like pocket lesion gingivitis and periodontal disease; therefore our study is constructed on molecular identification and detection of the fadA gene which is responsible for bacterial biofilm formation. In this study, 10.2% Fusobacterium spp. were isolated from pocket lesion gingivitis. The isolates underwent identification depending on several tests under anaerobic conditions and biochemical reactions. All isolates were sensitive to Imipenem (IPM10) 42.7mm/disk, Ciprofloxacin (CIP10) 27.2mm/disk and Erythromycin (E15) 25mm/disk, respectively. 100% of
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