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Immunohistochemical expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in superficial and deep maxillofacial tissues: A cross‐sectional study
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Abstract<sec><title>Background and Aims

The involvement of maxillofacial tissues in SARS‐CoV‐2 infections ranges from mild dysgeusia to life‐threatening tissue necrosis, as seen in SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated mucormycosis. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which functions as a receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 was reported in the epithelial surfaces of the oral and nasal cavities; however, a complete understanding of the expression patterns in deep oral and maxillofacial tissues is still lacking.

Methods

The immunohistochemical expression of ACE2 was analyzed in 95 specimens from maxillofacial tissues and 10 specimens of pulmonary alveolar tissue using a semiquantitative immunohistochemical scoring procedure, taking into account all superficial and deep maxillofacial tissue cells. We also explored the associations of age, gender, and anatomical site with expression scores.

Results

ACE2 was detected in keratinized epithelia (57.34%), non‐keratinized epithelia (46.51%), nasal respiratory epithelial cells (73.35%), pulmonary alveolar cells (82.54%), fibroblasts (63.69%), vascular endothelial cells (58.43%), mucous acinar cells (59.88%), serous acinar cells (79.49%), salivary duct cells (86.26%) skeletal muscle fibers (71.01%), neuron support cells (94.25%), and bone marrow cells (72.65%). Age and gender did not affect the expression levels significantly in epithelial cells (p = 0.76, and p = 0.7 respectively); however, identical cells expressed different protein levels depending on the site from which the specimens were obtained. For example, dorsal tongue epithelia expressed significantly lower ACE2 scores than alveolar epithelia (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between ACE2 expression in fibroblasts and epithelial cells (r = 0.378, p = 0.001), and between vascular endothelial and epithelial cells (r = 0.395, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

ACE2 is expressed by epithelial cells and subepithelial tissues including fibroblasts, vascular endothelia, skeletal muscles, peripheral nerves, and bone marrow. No correlation was detected between ACE2 expression and patient age or sex while the epithelial expression scores were correlated with stromal scores.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Graphic Novels : A Privilege For Teachers and Students
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There are many ways to communicate a story, one can tell it, sing it, act it, write it, film it and can draw it. Each form of storytelling has its unique characteristics that separate it from the other forms. These distinguishing characteristics of each form does not indicate the superiority of one form over the other, on the contrary, it indicates the human ability to be creative on many levels. As students of literature, only the written form of a story is taken into account. One reason for the negligence of other forms of storytelling might be that singing and filming a story is not related to literature. But there has been a form of storytelling that uses words along with pictures which eventually became a genre of novels called grap

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 14 2021
Journal Name
مكتب نور الحسن للنشر والتوزيع
Practical Education and Field Application: A Methodological Vision"
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Use Dividend Discount Model , DDM in Stocks Valuation With Framework of Inflation: An Applied Study
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The theme of this Study presents analysis and discuss to the "Share the framework for assessing inflation," a practical study in a sample of joint stock companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the years (2009-2013). To determine the extent of the disparity between the nominal value of shares (Nominal Value) before deducting inflation and the real value (Real Value) per share, after deducting inflation in the case of zero growth. The study relied on annual reports of the companies of the research sample of the Iraq Stock Exchange, as well as the Iraqi Securities Commission. Besides the annual reports issued by the Ministry of Planning, as well as annual reports and statistical bulletin issued by the Central Bank of Iraq. It is fra

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 06 2010
Journal Name
J Of Mustansiriya College Of Dentistry
the usefulness of Ramfjord teeth to represent the full-mouth pocket depth in epidemiology study
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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Study of Power Increase Transient in Heat Generation Systems Simulated By Immersed Heat Source
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Theoretical and experimental investigations of the transient heat transfer parameters of constant heat flux source subjected to water flowing in the downward direction in closed channel are conducted. The power increase transient is ensured by step change increase in the heat source power. The theoretical investigation involved a mathematical modeling for axially symmetric, simultaneously developing laminar water flow in a vertical annulus. The mathematical model is based on one dimensional downward flow. The boundary conditions of the studied case are based on adiabatic outer wall, while the inner wall is subjected to a constant heat flux. The heat & mass balance equation derived for specified element of bulk water within the annulu

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Determinants of economic growth in Arab Countries: An Empirical Study compared with South-east Asia
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The study addresses the problem of stagnation and declining economic growth rates in Arab countries since the eighties till today after the progress made by these countries in the sixties of the last century. The study reviews the e

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 30 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Kinesiology And Sports Science
Pilot Study: Impact of Plyometric Training on Goalkeepers’ Ball-Blocking Performance in Football Penalty Situations
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Background: Developing Goalkeeper’s performance is imperative to defence the goal. As the Football match’s nature needs implementning the skill with strength, and speed. so, the Goalkeeper demands special physical abilities that enabling him the ball blocking skill masterly. Objetive: The study aimed to identify the effect of developing some special physical abilities on the goalkeeper’s performance level while blocking executed balls from the penalty mark in football using plyometric training. Methodology: The experimental approach (continuous training that divided into two phases: General preparation, and Special preparation stage) was adopted for one experimental group by pre/post-measurements. The research sample was delib

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Res Militaris
EMPLOYING HOFSTEDE'S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN TELEVISION ADVERTISING: (An Analytical Study of Zain’s “Ya Baghdad” Advertisement)
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The research aims to analyze the television advertisement to monitor the indirect and underlying meanings behind the apparent significance in Zain’s “Ya Baghdad” Advertisement through sociological analysis, in accordance with the cultural analysis of Hofstede’s ‘Model of Cultural Dimensions’. Our choice of such a model in practical application over other models that may have provided more dimensions is due to its ability and verification in explaining cultural diversity and additionally the size of data and studies on the cultural dimension. This study’s aim is to verify the validity, stability and significance of this model before being adopted by Hofstede as a measurement tool. This model was used in order to analyze the rel

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 31 2018
Journal Name
Heat Transfer-asian Research
Comparative study on heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids flow in ribs tube using CFD simulation
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Publication Date
Sat Feb 21 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Media Discourse of the Newspaper (El Watan) Towards Social Issues Study in Discourse Analysis
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Journalistic discourse is a fertile through which most of the segments of the society interact in all their platforms: intellectual, cultural, social, and various settings between the vital structures of the state; which makes it the link between the groups and segments of the society.

The role of discourse, moreover, engages in a vital way by establishing a culture of debate on controversial issues that provided a space in the different visions and differing perceptions on how to formulate the discourse and the magnitude of vocabulary for the diagnosis of these issues. Since there is no system of any community empty of the emergence of issues reflecting the public interest which is necessary is reflected in the context discourse

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