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Immunohistochemical expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in superficial and deep maxillofacial tissues: A cross‐sectional study
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Abstract<sec><title>Background and Aims

The involvement of maxillofacial tissues in SARS‐CoV‐2 infections ranges from mild dysgeusia to life‐threatening tissue necrosis, as seen in SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated mucormycosis. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which functions as a receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 was reported in the epithelial surfaces of the oral and nasal cavities; however, a complete understanding of the expression patterns in deep oral and maxillofacial tissues is still lacking.

Methods

The immunohistochemical expression of ACE2 was analyzed in 95 specimens from maxillofacial tissues and 10 specimens of pulmonary alveolar tissue using a semiquantitative immunohistochemical scoring procedure, taking into account all superficial and deep maxillofacial tissue cells. We also explored the associations of age, gender, and anatomical site with expression scores.

Results

ACE2 was detected in keratinized epithelia (57.34%), non‐keratinized epithelia (46.51%), nasal respiratory epithelial cells (73.35%), pulmonary alveolar cells (82.54%), fibroblasts (63.69%), vascular endothelial cells (58.43%), mucous acinar cells (59.88%), serous acinar cells (79.49%), salivary duct cells (86.26%) skeletal muscle fibers (71.01%), neuron support cells (94.25%), and bone marrow cells (72.65%). Age and gender did not affect the expression levels significantly in epithelial cells (p = 0.76, and p = 0.7 respectively); however, identical cells expressed different protein levels depending on the site from which the specimens were obtained. For example, dorsal tongue epithelia expressed significantly lower ACE2 scores than alveolar epithelia (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between ACE2 expression in fibroblasts and epithelial cells (r = 0.378, p = 0.001), and between vascular endothelial and epithelial cells (r = 0.395, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

ACE2 is expressed by epithelial cells and subepithelial tissues including fibroblasts, vascular endothelia, skeletal muscles, peripheral nerves, and bone marrow. No correlation was detected between ACE2 expression and patient age or sex while the epithelial expression scores were correlated with stromal scores.

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of the forensic accounting philosophy in the transparency and quality of financial statements: : An applied study on a sample of workers at the Trade bank of Iraq and the Gulf Commercial Bank in Babylon
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This research aims to identify the role that forensic accounting plays on the transparency and quality of the financial statements in trade bank of Iraq and the Gulf Commercial Bank in Babylon. This research came to address the problem that most financial institutions suffer from, which is represented by the lack of transparency and the quality of the financial statements issued in a manner. Annual also the manipulation and fraud in the financial data, which causes a big gap between that institutions and organizational stakeholders. According to the implementation of the research hypothesis and the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of three axes, the first axis dealing with the demographic distri

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Employing the indicators of stereotypes and the dimensions of organizational clarity and their role in achieving the planned organizational behavior Analytical study on a sample of workers in some departments of the Faculties of Engineering, University of
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The current research examines the employment of indicators of stereotypes and the dimensions of organizational clarification to achieve planned organizational behaviour on a sample of employees in a number of departments of the Faculties of Engineering, University of Kufa, for a sample of (122) teaching staff. This research proposes the use of positive indicators of stereotypes for both the organization and employees and their awareness of what they want to obtain and what should be done for both parties and the removal of organizational clarity represented by the functional dimension that explores to what degree the employee's understanding of the internal strategy of the organization and the strategic dimension that searches fo

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 20 2023
Journal Name
Al-ameed Journal For Medical Research And Health Sciences
Perceptions of Nursing Students about COVID-19 Transmission: A Multi University Study
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Publication Date
Mon May 25 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Xi'an University Of Architecture & Technology
Iraqi Virtual Science Library (IVSL)): A field study of Iraqi researcher’s viewpoint
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The aim of the research is to shed light on the stages of developing the Iraqi virtual science Library(IVSL) project, and to define its distinctive role in providing all kinds of electronic resources to researchers from professors and graduate students, to identify its contents , the entry interfaces and applications of use, and provide them through electronic portals to publishing houses, research institutions and international universities, The research sample included the teaching staff and researchers participating in educational qualification courses at the Continuing Education Center at the University of Baghdad, The research population and its sample consisted of the category of (IVSL) users, and its sample (387) users. Analysis meth

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2015
Journal Name
Iosr Journal Of Dental And Medical Sciences (iosr-jdms)
Acanthosis Nigricans as a Cause of Facial M Elanosis (Clinical Andhistopathological Study
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PKE Sharquie MD, PDPAA Noaimi MD, DDV, FDSM Al-Ogaily MD, IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS), 2015

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2024
Journal Name
Mathematics For Applications
DIRICHLET PROCESS ANALYSIS USING BIORTHOGONAL WAVELET: A STATISTICAL STUDY OF FINANCIAL MARKET
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The Dirichlet process is an important fundamental object in nonparametric Bayesian modelling, applied to a wide range of problems in machine learning, statistics, and bioinformatics, among other fields. This flexible stochastic process models rich data structures with unknown or evolving number of clusters. It is a valuable tool for encoding the true complexity of real-world data in computer models. Our results show that the Dirichlet process improves, both in distribution density and in signal-to-noise ratio, with larger sample size; achieves slow decay rate to its base distribution; has improved convergence and stability; and thrives with a Gaussian base distribution, which is much better than the Gamma distribution. The performance depen

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Scopus
Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Juridical And Political Science
Civil Liability Arising from Children Abuse. A Comparative Study of American Law
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Researchers are interested in the issue of children abuse and they look for its cause in the past and present. Their interest is limited to identifying penal liability which is caused by children abuse away from focusing on civil liability. So, the study is going to clarify the parents' responsibility for children abuse rather than civil liability of the medic in case he wouldn’t notify the authorities about the case according to the American law rules and the attitude of Iraqi law rather than some judicial application of civil cases that were exposed to American judiciary concerning children abuse.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 20 2020
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
Study of Charge Flow Coefficient Au Metal with a - NPD Molecule Dye
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The coefficient of charge transfer at heterogeneous devices of Au metal with a well-known dyeis investigations using quantum model.Four different solvent are used to estimation the effective transition energy. The potential barrier at interface of Au and dye has been determined using effective transition energy and difference between the Fermi energy of Au metal and ionization energy of dye. A possible transfer mechanism cross the potential barrier dyeand coupling strength interaction between the electronic levels in systems of Au and is discussed.Differentdata of effective transition energy and potential barrier calculations suggest that solvent is more suitable to binds Au with dye.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Behavior of the Al-Kadhim Minaret during Earthquakes: A Virtual Study
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The study focuses on the causes of minaret tilting as well as possible solutions. The major aims of this study are to improve knowledge of historical tall structure stability and rehabilitation operations using the finite element approach to model the soil and minaret (PLAXIS 3D 2020), a platform for computational soil investigation and modeling. The numerical analysis aims to identify stresses, settlement, and deformation of the soil and minaret in various scenarios like Earthquakes, explosions, and winds. The simulation of the problem by the PLAXIS 3D revealed that the greatest lateral displacement computed at the Top Minaret is 5.5 cm, and the greatest vertical movement is calculated to be 3 cm. Seismic settlement is the effect of ear

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Juridical And Political Science
Civil Liability Arising from Children Abuse. A Comparative Study of American Law
...Show More Authors

Researchers are interested in the issue of children abuse and they look for its cause in the past and present. Their interest is limited to identifying penal liability which is caused by children abuse away from focusing on civil liability. So, the study is going to clarify the parents' responsibility for children abuse rather than civil liability of the medic in case he wouldn’t notify the authorities about the case according to the American law rules and the attitude of Iraqi law rather than some judicial application of civil cases that were exposed to American judiciary concerning children abuse.

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