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Immunohistochemical expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in superficial and deep maxillofacial tissues: A cross‐sectional study
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Abstract<sec><title>Background and Aims

The involvement of maxillofacial tissues in SARS‐CoV‐2 infections ranges from mild dysgeusia to life‐threatening tissue necrosis, as seen in SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated mucormycosis. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which functions as a receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 was reported in the epithelial surfaces of the oral and nasal cavities; however, a complete understanding of the expression patterns in deep oral and maxillofacial tissues is still lacking.

Methods

The immunohistochemical expression of ACE2 was analyzed in 95 specimens from maxillofacial tissues and 10 specimens of pulmonary alveolar tissue using a semiquantitative immunohistochemical scoring procedure, taking into account all superficial and deep maxillofacial tissue cells. We also explored the associations of age, gender, and anatomical site with expression scores.

Results

ACE2 was detected in keratinized epithelia (57.34%), non‐keratinized epithelia (46.51%), nasal respiratory epithelial cells (73.35%), pulmonary alveolar cells (82.54%), fibroblasts (63.69%), vascular endothelial cells (58.43%), mucous acinar cells (59.88%), serous acinar cells (79.49%), salivary duct cells (86.26%) skeletal muscle fibers (71.01%), neuron support cells (94.25%), and bone marrow cells (72.65%). Age and gender did not affect the expression levels significantly in epithelial cells (p = 0.76, and p = 0.7 respectively); however, identical cells expressed different protein levels depending on the site from which the specimens were obtained. For example, dorsal tongue epithelia expressed significantly lower ACE2 scores than alveolar epithelia (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between ACE2 expression in fibroblasts and epithelial cells (r = 0.378, p = 0.001), and between vascular endothelial and epithelial cells (r = 0.395, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

ACE2 is expressed by epithelial cells and subepithelial tissues including fibroblasts, vascular endothelia, skeletal muscles, peripheral nerves, and bone marrow. No correlation was detected between ACE2 expression and patient age or sex while the epithelial expression scores were correlated with stromal scores.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
University Of Baghdad
New Analytical Methods for Drugs Analysis A Comparative Study
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Four different spectrophotometric methods are used in this study for the determination of Sulfamethoxazole and sulfanilamide drugs in pharmaceutical compounds, synthetic samples, and in their pure forms. The work comprises four chapters which are shown in the following: Chapter One: Includes a brief for Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) Absorption spectroscopy, antibacterial drugs and sulfonamides with some methods for their determination. The chapter lists two methods for optimization; univariate method and multivariate method. The later includes different types, two of these were mentioned; simplex method and design of experiment method. Chapter Two: Includes reaction of the two studied drugs with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid for diazo

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Forced Displacement during the Syrian Forced Displacement during the Syrian Crisis, and its Impact on Jaramana’s Children's Education: A Field Study , and its Impact on Jaramana’s Children's Education: A Field Study: نهال ريحاوي جلب , قاسم الربداوي
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The study aims to examine the problem of forced displacement and its social and economic problems in light of the Syrian crisis. Such an aim helps to know the difficulties and challenges facing the children of displaced families in learning, and the reasons for their lack of enrolment. It also clarifies whether there are significant statistical differences at  among the attitudes of the children of the displaced families towards education regarding the following variables: (the work of the head of the family, the economic level of the family, and the work of the children). The study has adopted the descriptive-analytical approach;  a questionnaire was adopted as a tool to collect information. The study was applied to a sample o

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2017
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Use of Digital Public – Relations in the Work of Iraqi Universities: A Survey Study of the Workers in the Departments of Public Relations
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the digital public relations aim at make the workers getting the necessary information about the governmental institutions where they work and the enveronment surrounding them. it also tries to let the workers get the special knowlege of tthe publich relations and their jobs like the works of planning , arranging the active communication and executive skills needed in their writing , editing , special art skills for designing , production and technological skills to deal with the computer.
the problem of the research includes some questions as :
1- what are the uses achieved by degetal public relations workers at Iraqi universities (Baghdad, Mustansiriya, and Iraqi)
2- what are the tools used to apply digital public relations

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 23 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of the capital increase in the rate of return on stock price: Applied in the study of a sample of Iraqi banks
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The capital banking foundation stone upon which the bank in the practice of business activities, the more capital a good financial adequacy of the increased bank's ability to grant credit and expand the various activities and provide a safety element for depositors and other sources of funding to achieve profits and increase the trading volume of the shares, causing the rise the rate of return for the shares of banks and have the Central Bank as head of the banking system by issuing instructions capital increase banking, according to the requirements of economic development and increase gross domestic product by supporting investment projects that are financed through banks, the research aims to show the extent of the banks commitment to

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 24 2023
Journal Name
Archives Of Razi Institute
PCR-RFLP Analysis of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Gene Polymorphisms in Two Commercial Broiler Chicken Strains (Cobb 500 and Hubbard F-15) and Their Associations with Performance Traits
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The present research aimed to study the polymorphisms of the chicken insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) in two commercial broiler breeds (Cobb 500 and Hubbard F-15). In total, 300 avian blood samples were obtained. The genomic DNA was isolated using a fast salt-extraction technique. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify 1146 bp fragments of the gene. The amplified fragments were subjected to restriction enzyme digestion using the HinfI endonuclease enzyme, and the digested products were separated on a 2% agarose gel. The findings indicated that there were two alleles, T and C, for the target locus, with frequencies of 73.3% and 26.7%, respectively. Three distinct genotype variations, TT, TC, and CC, were found, with

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Scopus
Publication Date
Tue May 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
The partial substitution of copper with nickel oxide on the Structural and electrical properties of HgBa<sub>2</sub> Ca<sub>2</sub> Cu<sub>3x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub> O<sub>8+δ</sub> superconducting compound
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 26 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A Comparison between the Horizontal Condylar and Bennett Angles of Iraqi Full Mouth Rehabilitation Patients by Using Two Different Articulator Systems (An In-Vivo Study)
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Background: Errors of horizontal condylar inclinations and Bennett angles had largely affected the articulation of teeth and the pathways of cusps. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare between the horizontal condylar (protrusive) angles and Bennett angles of full mouth rehabilitation patients using two different articulator systems. Materials and Methods: Protrusive angles and Bennett angles of 50 adult males and females Iraqi TMD-free full mouth rehabilitation patients were estimated by using two different articulator systems. Arbitrary hinge axis location followed by protrusive angles and Bennett angles, estimation was done by a semiadjustable articulator system. A fully adjustable articulator system was utilized to locate th

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Green Regulatory Tapes and Their Reflections on the Job Development - A Study for the Sample of Employees in the Nineveh Directorate for Bridges & Roads
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The performance of job effectively requires narrowing the meaningful routine activities and attempting employing the job procedures in favor of public welfare through adding the green impact as well as removing them from the red tapes which reflect the firmness of procedures, to enable the job parties to make their job independently, and pushing them to gain priority in the competition layer. This is not attaining easily amidst the regulatory problems expressed by the complication of procedures, the thing which make identifying the problem of the study through the following question:

Should we make the complex of procedures and their firmness a way to adopt the idea of the green regulatory tapes supportin

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 13 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
A Study of the effect of adding antimony oxide to the coating surfaces of steel and cast Iron by glass
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The study included adding antimony oxide to mixtures of coating metal surfaces (Enameling), after it was selected ceramic materials used in the coating metal pieces of the type of steel and cast iron in two layers. The first is called a ground coat and the second is a cover coat.
Ceramic materials layer for ground coat have been melted down in
platinum crucible at a temperature of 1200oC to prepare the glass
mixture (Frit). It was coated on metals at a temperature of 780oC for
two minutes, while the second layer was prepared glass mixture
(Frit) at a temperature of 1200oC, but was coated at a temperature of
760oC for two minutes.
Underwent tests crystalline state of powders (Frits) and enameled samples using X-ray di

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Communications In Mathematical Biology And Neuroscience
A careful study of the effect of the infectious diseases and refuge on the dynamical behavior of prey-scavenger modeling
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In this paper, the dynamics of scavenger species predation of both susceptible and infected prey at different rates with prey refuge is mathematically proposed and studied. It is supposed that the disease was spread by direct contact between susceptible prey with infected prey described by Holling type-II infection function. The existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of the solution are investigated. The stability constraints of all equilibrium points are determined. In addition to establishing some sufficient conditions for global stability of them by using suitable Lyapunov functions. Finally, these theoretical results are shown and verified with numerical simulations.

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