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Study of the Biological Diversity of Benthic algae in the Tigris River, Baghdad - Iraq
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Abstract<p>The present work included a study of benthic algae on two substrates: rocks and clay on a section of the Tigris River at the Al-Atifiyah site in the fall of 2018. The result of this study was recorded 89 species belong to 50 genus of benthic algae on both substrates and composed of Bacillariophyceae (59.6%, 61.2%), Chlorophyceae (25.8%, 20.4%) and Cyanophyceae (14.5%, 18.3%) respectively on epilithic and epipelic algae. The present study was recorded the highest total algae cell density (1173.2 cells *10<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>2</sup>) on epilithic algae while the lowest total algae cell density was recorded on epipelic algae (76.95 cells *10<sup>3</sup>/gm). For measure diversity, four indices of diversity are used: Margalef index, Shannon and Weaver Index, Evenness Index and Simpsons Index. The study showed that benthic algal communities are of high diversity with different distribution and spread of adherent algae on different natural surfaces in the aquatic environment. 62 species of epilithic algae were recorded belonging to 39 genus, while epipelic algae were recorded 49 species belonging to 34 genus. Bacillariophyceae was recorded the highest number of species compared with other classes of benthic algae (59.6%, 61.2%) respectively on epilithic and epipelic Chlorophyceae recorded second ordered after diatoms in importance 25.8%, 20.4%, Cyanophyceae recorded third orders 14.5%, 18.3% respectively on epilithic and epipelic algae.</p>
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Compound Sentences modification, functions and characteristics from an educational point of view: Umformungen- Funktion- Merkmale unter didaktischen Perspektiven
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This research deals with compound sentences in the German language and how to transform them and transfer them into a main sentence, touching on their functions and characteristics. Actual to nominative, which is a unique feature of the German language, with some diverse examples taken from various sources.
This case is distinguished, like other grammatical cases
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Italian Journal Of Pure And Applied Mathematics
A note on (m, n)-full stability Banach algebra modules relative to an ideal H of Am×n
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In this paper the concept of (m, n)- fully stable Banach Algebra-module relative to ideal (F − (m, n) − S − B − A-module relative to ideal) is introducing, we study some properties of F − (m, n) − S − B − A-module relative to ideal and another characterization is given

Publication Date
Fri Sep 29 2017
Journal Name
Asian Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis, Characterization of p-Nitrophenyl azo-β-Naphthyl- (4-Azobenzoic acid)-4-benzoate and its PVA-Grafting Polymer
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An aromatic ester containing two azo groups namely p-nitro phenyl azo-β-naphthyl-(4'-azobenzoic acid)-4-benzoate was synthesized by esterfiaction of 4,4'-azo dibenzoic acid with p-nitro phenyl azo-β-naphthol. Synthesized ester was characterized by CHN-Elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. A modified PVA polymer was obtained by grafting 10 g of PVA-polymer via partial esterification with (2, 3, 4 g) p-nitro phenyl azo-1-naphthyl-4-azobenzoic acid)-4-azo benzoate. Grafting PVA-polymer behaviours was studied, by physical measurements (solubility, swelling), thermal properties (DSC) and tensile.

Publication Date
Sun Jun 03 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Degradation of Dazomet by Thermal Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes under UV and Sun lights at Different Temperatures
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In this research, the degradation of Dazomet has been studied by using thermal Fenton process and photo-Fenton processes under UV and lights sun. The optimum values of amounts of the Fenton reagents have been determined (0.07g FeSO4 .7H2O, 3.5µl H2O2) at 25 °C and at pH 7 where the degradation percentages of Dazomet were recorded high. It has been found that solar photo Fenton process was more effective in degradation of Dazomet than photo-Fenton under UV-light and thermal Fenton processes, the percentage of degradation of Dazomet by photo-Fenton under sun light are 88% and 100% at 249 nm and 281 nm respectively, while the percentages of degradation for photo-Fenton under UV-light are 87%, 96% and for thermal Fenton are 70% and 66.8% at 2

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 03 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr)
Synthesis, Spectral of Azo Dyes Complexes with Ni (II) and Cu (II) and Their Industrial and Bacteriological Application
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Azo dye ligand was produced by coupling the diazonium salt of 4aminoantipyrine with 2, 4-dimethylphenol. The structure of 1 azo compound was someone by elemental analyses, HNMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic mechanics. Metal complexes of nickel (II) and copper (II) have been performed and depicted. The formation of complexes has been identified by using flame atomic absorption, (C.H.N) Analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectral process as well as, conductivity and magnetic properties quantifications. The nature of the complexes formed were studied succeed the mole ratio and continuous variation methods, Beer's law followed over a concentration 4 4 scope (1×10- - 3×10- M). High molar absorbtivity of the complex solutions were observed. Analytica

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Agricultural And Statistical Sciences
EFFICACY ASSESSMENT OF BLACK PEPPER AND CLOVE EXTRACTS AGAINST SUNFLOWER SEEDS BLACK ROT DISEASE CAUSED BY ASPERGILLUS SPP.
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Applied Physics
Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of ITO Electrode Modified by f- MWCNT/graphene/polypyrrole Nanocomposite Decorated by Gold Nanoparticles
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There is currently a pressing need to create an electro-analytical approach capable of detecting and monitoring genosensors in a highly sensitive, specific, and selective way. In this work, Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Polypyrrole, and gold nanoparticles nanocomposite (f-MWCNTs-GR-PPy-AuNP) were effectively deposited on the surface of the ITO electrode using a drop-casting process to modify it. The structural, morphological, and optical analysis of the modified ITO electrodes was carried out at room temperature using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemi

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Two dimensional grating and efficiency enhancement of Si photovoltaic cells by surface texturing using UV femtosecond laser pulses
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A fast laser texturing technique has been utilized to produce micro/nano surface textures in Silicon by means of UV femtosecond laser. We have prepared good absorber surface for photovoltaic cells. The textured Silicon surface absorbs the incident light greater than the non-textured surface. The results show a photovoltaic current increase about 21.3% for photovoltaic cell with two-dimensional pattern as compared to the same cell without texturing.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Analysis of grape fruits and grape seed for their major , minor and trace elemental contact by XRF technique
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Grapes and grape seeds are important samples employed for environmental medical studies . The air of this work was to identify and concentration calculation of the elements in grapes fruit and thier seeds by using X-Ray fluoresces technique (XRF) . Samples were collected from Abo Ghraib of Baghdad city ,the grape seeds were obtained from those samples . Both samples were taken under experimental procedure to obtain the sample which were ready for analysis . The samples were then submitted to experimental conditions using a radiation source and then samples were applied for counting analysis shows the elements Na , Mg , Al , Si , P , S , Cl , K , Ca , and Sr as major components of the samples. Fe , Sr , I , Ba and V were

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 13 2026
Journal Name
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions
Beyond empiricism: a unified physics-based framework for resonance avoidance and carbon-efficient mass optimization of machine foundations
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Dynamic machine foundations can be considered as a necessary component of the industrial infrastructure. Design of the dynamic equipment foundations has, however, traditionally been grounded on a rule of thumb that is inaccurate and rigid to use at the discretion of the engineers. The conventional rule of thumb, which includes minimum weight ratios and resonance avoidance criteria, has been used singularly with two poles, which can be either conservatively designed systems that are too heavy, or systems that are going to experience too much vibration and fatigue. This paper presents a novel, analytical framework for the reinterpretation of traditional design practices, using a physics-based approach, and results in a single, unified overall

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