The deficit of the federal budget and the structural imbalances suffered by the Iraqi economy has affected the direction of research towards suggesting steps and mechanisms can be relied upon in the near term to form a broader base of non-oil revenues aimed at achieving a balanced budget, and to proceed to reform the financial situation, In reducing their financial dictates, whether capital or operational, which lead to significant financial and economic consequences. This also requires that the Iraqi political elite have the real will, strategic vision and full awareness that the implementation of these reforms has potential social and economic effects, with long-term measures to be taken. The aim is not only to reform the finan

Transportation network could be considered as a function of the developmental level of the Iraq, that it is representing the sensitive nerve of the economic activity and the corner stone for the implementation of development plans and developing the spatial structure.
The main theme of this search is to show the characteristics of the regional transportation network in Iraq and to determine the most important effective spatial characteristics and the dimension of that effect negatively or positively. Further this search tries to draw an imagination for the connection between network as a spatial phenomenon and the surrounded natural and human variables within the spatial structure. This search aiming also to determine the nat

The manufacturing industry in Iraq has faced, during the time stages, several obstacles that have had devastating effects on the Iraqi economy. These obstacles are represented by political events and wars that have led to the depletion of most human and material resources and the suspension of most vital industrial facilities from working, And the occurrence of this major deviation in the process of economic development, For the same reasons, the contributions of the manufacturing sector to the gross domestic product varied fluctuatingly, indicating instability in the growth rates of this sector, On the other hand, the supremacy of the belief that the dominance of oil resources as a main source for creating economic growth and achieving a h

The purpose of this study was to know the reality of motivational administrative methods for academic decision-makers in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Baghdad from the perspective of faculty members. To solve the nature of the current problem, the two researchers used the descriptive approach of the survey method. The two researchers determined their research community by limiting the sample to all faculty members in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Baghdad (Al-Mustansiriya University, Al-Jadriya Univeristy & Al-Waziriyah University). Their number reached 314 faculty members and the two researchers determined their research community by 90%, so the research sam

Background: Environmental chemicals are thought to
adversely affect human reproductive function.
Objective : To estimate the concentration of cadmium(Cd)
, lead ( Pb ) and Zinc ( Zn ) in serum and seminal plasma
among infertile men .
Methods: A sample of 70 infertile men was investigated.
The relationship of trace elements concentration in serum and
seminal plasma was studied in relation to sperm density,
motility and sperm count.
Results: Except for Zinc the concentration of (Pb) and (Cd)
were generally higher in serum than in seminal plasma. The
mean concentration of (Zn) in seminal plasma was more than
25 times higher than in serum There were no statistical
significant differences observed in the

The practice of art is an inevitable result imposed by the circumstances surrounding the human being, as he needs some knowledge associated with raw materials, tools and methods to develop skills in the formation of elements of the work of art in new ways that give a decent artistic appearance to the work of art. Through the exploratory study carried out by the researcher, which included asking the following question to the third grade students, Department of Art Education:

What types of materials are used in handicrafts and from which sources are they obtained? Through the answers, the problem of research was founded as follows:

-Are the products of students of the Department of Art Education in the handicraft material d

To assess the contribution of Doppler broadening and examine the
Compton profile, the Compton energy absorption cross sections are
measured and calculated using formulas based on a relativistic
impulse approximation. The Compton energy-absorption cross
sections are evaluated for different elements (Fe, Zn, Ag, Au and Hg)
and for a photon energy range (1 - 100 keV). With using these crosssections,
the Compton component of the mass–energy absorption
coefficient was derived, where the electron momentum prior to the
scattering event caused a Doppler broadening of the Compton line.
Also, the momentum resolution function was evaluated in terms of
incident and scattered photon energy and scattering angle. The res

The hydraulic behavior of the flow can be changed by using large-scale geometric roughness elements in open channels. This change can help in controlling erosions and sedimentations along the mainstream of the channel. Roughness elements can be large stone or concrete blocks placed at the channel's bed to impose more resistance in the bed. The geometry of the roughness elements, numbers used, and configuration are parameters that can affect the flow's hydraulic characteristics. In this paper, velocity distribution along the flume was theoretically investigated using a series of tests of T-shape roughness elements, fixed height, arranged in three different configurations, differ in the number of lines of roughness element