Motives: Baghdad is the capital city and an important political, administrative, social, cultural and economic centre of Iraq. Baghdad’s growth and development has been significantly influenced by efforts to accommodate various needs of its steadily growing population. Uncontrolled population and urban growth have exerted negative effects in numerous dimensions, including environmental sustainability because urban expansion occurred in green spaces within the city and the surrounding areas.Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the planning solutions in Baghdad’s green areas in the past and at present, and to identify the key changes in the city’s green areas, including changes in the ratio of green urban spaces to the total area of the city. Comprehensive urban development plans for Baghdad were analysed; the main solutions addressing urban green spaces were discussed; the advantages and disadvantages of previous and present urban development plans were examined, and the percentage of green urban spaces in Baghdad was investigated based on drafts of the city’s comprehensive development plans.Results: Baghdad’s Masterplan pays considerable attention to the development and preservation of urban green spaces which exert profound effects on the climate, the local environment, the city’s aesthetic and recreational value, and its social and economic development. The previous and present masterplans share numerous priorities with the aim of improving the city’s environmental and ecological health.
A Multiple System Biometric System Based on ECG Data
|
In this paper, an adaptive medical image watermarking technique is proposed based on wavelet transform and properties of human visual system in order to maintain the authentication of medical images. Watermark embedding process is carried out by transforming the medical image into wavelet domain and then adaptive thresholding is computed to determine the suitable locations to hide the watermark in the image coefficients. The watermark data is embedded in the coefficients that are less sensitive into the human visual system in order to achieve the fidelity of medical image. Experimental results show that the degradation by embedding the watermark is too small to be visualized. Also, the proposed adaptive watermarking technique can preserv
... Show MoreData hiding strategies have recently gained popularity in different fields; Digital watermark technology was developed for hiding copyright information in the image visually or invisibly. Today, 3D model technology has the potential to alter the field because it allows for the production of sophisticated structures and forms that were previously impossible to achieve. In this paper, a new watermarking method for the 3D model is presented. The proposed method is based on the geometrical and topology properties of the 3D model surface to increase the security. The geometrical properties are based on computing the mean curvature for a surface and topology based on the number of edges around each vertex, the vertices
... Show MoreImage pattern classification is considered a significant step for image and video processing. Although various image pattern algorithms have been proposed so far that achieved adequate classification, achieving higher accuracy while reducing the computation time remains challenging to date. A robust image pattern classification method is essential to obtain the desired accuracy. This method can be accurately classify image blocks into plain, edge, and texture (PET) using an efficient feature extraction mechanism. Moreover, to date, most of the existing studies are focused on evaluating their methods based on specific orthogonal moments, which limits the understanding of their potential application to various Discrete Orthogonal Moments (DOM
... Show MoreImplementation of TSFS (Transposition, Substitution, Folding, and Shifting) algorithm as an encryption algorithm in database security had limitations in character set and the number of keys used. The proposed cryptosystem is based on making some enhancements on the phases of TSFS encryption algorithm by computing the determinant of the keys matrices which affects the implementation of the algorithm phases. These changes showed high security to the database against different types of security attacks by achieving both goals of confusion and diffusion.
In this research a proposed technique is used to enhance the frame difference technique performance for extracting moving objects in video file. One of the most effective factors in performance dropping is noise existence, which may cause incorrect moving objects identification. Therefore it was necessary to find a way to diminish this noise effect. Traditional Average and Median spatial filters can be used to handle such situations. But here in this work the focus is on utilizing spectral domain through using Fourier and Wavelet transformations in order to decrease this noise effect. Experiments and statistical features (Entropy, Standard deviation) proved that these transformations can stand to overcome such problems in an elegant way.
... Show MoreThere has been a great deal of research into the considerable challenge of managing of traffic at road junctions; its application to vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has proved to be of great interest in the developed world. Dynamic topology is one of the vital challenges facing VANET; as a result, routing of packets to their destination successfully and efficiently is a non-simplistic undertaking. This paper presents a MDORA, an efficient and uncomplicated algorithm enabling intelligent wireless vehicular communications. MDORA is a robust routing algorithm that facilitates reliable routing through communication between vehicles. As a position-based routing technique, the MDORA algorithm, vehicles' precise locations are used to establish th
... Show More