The current investigation examines the combined impacts of ultrasonic radiation and hydrogen donors on the viscosity of heavy crude oil. The impact of exposure time, power, duty cycle, and temperature on the viscosity of Iraqi heavy crude oil with 20.32 API was studied. Also, the viscosity of the oil samples, which were mixed with a hydrogen donor (decalin) and subjected to ultrasonic treatment under optimal conditions, was examined to evaluate the combined impact of ultrasonic radiation and hydrogen donor on the viscosity of crude oil. The viscosity experienced a decrease of 52.34% at 2 min of irradiation, 360 W ultrasonic power, 0.8 duty cycle, 35 ⁰C, and 8vol% decalin. To validate the outcomes of the experiments, asphaltene content, sulfur content, API gravity, and distillation tests were conducted on both the original and final samples (under optimal conditions). The concentrations of asphaltene and sulfur exhibited a drop of 37.51% and 35.04%, respectively. The results show that cavitation, a heat phenomenon, and the mechanical impact of ultrasound may help break up long carbon chains and reduce the size of asphaltene aggregates, which causes the crude oil's viscosity to drop. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that the simultaneous application of ultrasound and hydrogen donor yielded the most significant decrease in oil viscosity compared with untreated crude oil or treated just with ultrasonic waves.
Abstract: To study the effect of nickel chloride on bone composition of mice, a number of biophysical and biochemical parameters have been made use. The animals were divided into control and experimental and further subdivided into three groups I, II and III according to the dose of nickel chloride (NiCl2) administered to them i.e. 5.8, 12.8 and 28.2 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Femur bones were obtained by sacrificing the animals three weeks after weaning them once a week. The percentage loss between the wet weight and dry weight of femur in control animals was found to be 32.5+1.5 .In the three experimental groups I,II and III, the percentage loss was 30.4+1.4, 35.3+2.3 and 38.9+2.2 respectively. The percentage loss between the wet we
... Show MoreThis study examined the effects of water scarcity on rural household economy in El Fashir Rural Council / North Darfur State- western Sudan. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used as to get a deeper understanding of the impact of water scarcity on the rural house economy in the study area. 174 households out of 2017 were selected from 45 villages which were distributed in eight village councils forming the study area. Statistical methods were used to manipulate the data of the study. The obtained results revealed that water scarcity negatively affected the rural household economy in the study area in many features. These include the followings: much family efforts and time were directed to fetch for water consequentl
... Show MoreIn this paper, the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) for Williamson fluid with varying temperature and concentration in an inclined channel with variable viscosity has been examined. The perturbation technique in terms of the Weissenberg number to obtain explicit forms for the velocity field has been used. All the solutions of physical parameters of the Darcy parameter , Reynolds number , Peclet number and Magnetic parameter are discussed under the different values as shown in plots.
The fluctuations in oil prices in world markets affect the general budget and the trade balance of the rent countries, because oil is a strategic commodity affected by economic and political factors. The fluctuations in oil prices affect the public budgets of the rent countries through the public revenue side of oil revenues. On the other hand, these fluctuations affect the balance of trade through the volume of oil exports, which lead to imbalance of trade surplus or deficit . &nbs
... Show MoreBackground: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most commonly used material in denture fabrication. The material is far from ideal in fulfilling the mechanical requirements, like low impact and transverse strength, poor thermal conductivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition a composite of surface treated Nano Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) filler and plasma treated polypropylene fiber (PP) on some properties of denture base material. Materials and methods: One hundred fifty prepared specimens were divided into 5 groups according to the tests, each group consisted of 30 specimens and these were subdivided into 3 groups (unreinforced heat cured acrylic resin as control group),reinforced acrylic resin with( 0.5%wt Nan
... Show MoreTwo Schiff bases, namely, 3-(benzylidene amino) -2-thioxo-6-methyl 2,5-dihydropyrimidine-4(3H)-one (LS])and 3-(benzylidene amino)-6-methyl pyrimidine 4(3H, 5H)-dione(LA)as chelating ligands), were used to prepare some complexes of Cr(III), La(III), and Ce(III)] ions. Standard physico-chemical procedures including metal analysis M%, element microanalysis (C.H.N.S) , magnetic susceptibility, conductometric measurements, FT-IR and UV-visible Spectra were used to identify Metal (III) complexes and Schiff bases (LS) and (LA). According to findings, a [Cr(III) complex] showed six coordinated octahedral geometry, while [La(III), and Ce(III) complexes]were structured with coordination number seven. Schiff's bases a
... Show MoreThis study was carried out to investigate the cytogenetic effects of crude aqueous extract of Lycium barbarum on the roots tip of Allium cepa Using three concentration 125, 25, 50 mg/ ml for 2, 4, 6 hours treatment periods.This study were included some cytogenetic analysis such as mitotic index , phase index and chromosome aberration. The data showed that the treatment with 50mg/ml for 6huors led to reduce the mitotic index less than 50% . This reduction considered to have toxic and sublethal effect . These results revealed mutagenic potency by inducing differents type of chromosome aberration.
An investigation was conducted for dewaxing of lubricating oil fraction by urea to reduce the pour point.In this study mixture of 45 % methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and 55 % toluene was used as a solvent. The studied variables are mixing time (10-70 min), solvent to oil volume ratio (0.5:1- 2:1), urea to wax weight ratio (2- 6) and constant mixing speed 1500 rpm. By analysis of the experimental results, the best operating conditions achieved are mixing time 40 min, solvent/oil 2:1 volume ratio, and urea/wax 4:1 weight ratio. At these conditions the pour point of the lubricating oil decreases from 24 ° C to -13 °C.
synthesis, Composition, Spectral, Geometry and Antibacterial Applications ofMn(||),Ni(||),Co(||),Cu(||) and Hg(||) schiff Base complexes of N2O2 mixed donor with 1,10-phenanthroline