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Controlling public expenditures is one of the main objectives of the public budget. The public budget often suffers from a deficit, whether in developed or developing countries, because expenditures are usually greater than the revenues generated. This requires the existence of financial rules that are adhered to by the government, which in turn leads to discipline. Fiscal policy leads to a reduction in the obligations incumbent on the government.  Adhering to the financial rules would correct the course of fiscal policy in Iraq, with the need to direct oil revenues in the years of financial abundance when global oil prices rise to sovereign funds similar to other rentier countries, which contributes to maintaining the stabi

States seek to regulate their economic and financial life to ensure their survival and their continued performance of the tasks entrusted to them in the organization of public facilities and ensure their progress in order to ensure their provision in the provision of public services to their peoples. These countries may follow new economic policies that were not addressed in advance, including the policy of privatization, To put the constitutional and legal provisions governing this economic policy in contradiction to the principles of legality and legitimacy is in the performance of its work, so the search has revealed the rule of privatization as an economic policy in the Iraqi legislation compared to the French legislation for the pur

the financial resources represent a basic factor of production ;It is obvious that the housing sector needs the resources to finance the building operation to produce all the housing units. Finance is the cornerstone of any housing strategy , as its successes dependent on the success of the financing methods and the creation of charnels and effective methods for the provision of the required finances for both individuals and instantly concerned with the production of housing units. The kinds of financial institutions vary from one country to another according to the nature of the economic and financial system. The lending conditions also vary as well as the capital cost of the housing units needed The housing operations is concer

The study aims at investigating the effectiveness of the Virtual Library Technology, in developing the achievement of the English Language Skills in the Center of Development and Continuous Education, in comparison with the individual learning via personal computer to investigate the students' attitude towards the use of both approaches. The population of the study includes the participants in the English Language course arranged in the Center. The sample includes 60 students who were randomly chosen from the whole population (participants in English Courses for the year 2009-2010). The sample is randomly chosen and divided into two experimental groups. The first group has learned through classroom technology; while the other group has l

Play constitutes a significant means for children to figure out the world around. Play helps children to have a healthy brain that increase their creativity via developing emotional, cognitive, physical strength. Thus, the current research aims to identify the role of play in psychological development of children. The findings of study revealed that play develops children’s cognitive, emotional abilities and enhances their self-confidence. Play forms a major approach for learning that promotes children to get rid of stress. Additionally, it supports language development of children

يهدف البحث إلىبيان دور الانتاج الانظف وتأثير تطبيقه على تكاليف الوحدة الاقتصادية وادواته وتقنياته التي تساهم في دعم الميزة التنافسية المستدامة

Background:  The most typical consequence of diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy. An important part of the etiology of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy is played by oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde is a dialdehyde that is moderately toxic and is frequently used as a marker for oxidative stress as well as lipid peroxidation.                    

Objectives: To assess the serum malondialdehyde levels in diabetic patients with and those without retinopathy and to compare these levels to controls .In additions to, investigate the relationship between serum malondialdehyde level and long glycemic control, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Pati

Abstract

The research aims to identify the role played by the strategic mind of human resources managers in reducing the levels of strategic drift that can face the organization, as the problem of research to overlook the importance of this role in monitoring and follow-up all the changes that may face the organization during the implementation of its strategy, therefore highlights the importance Research in providing a set of solutions to the problems faced by the researched organization and as far as the research variables, the researchers have adopted the descriptive analytical approach in the applied side, as adopted the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection, which was prepared based on a number of ready me

Wrong behavioral deviations among youth witnessed an obvious growing, some of these deviations are, robbery, drug and internet addiction, and smoking. Additionally, intellectual extremism and the disrespect of the traditions and genuine customs, In light of this issue, the research aims to shed light on the educational and preventative role of the woman in protecting and immunizing children from the wrong behavioral deviations. The woman has a significant and influential role in the society in general and in her family, in particular to the responsibility lies on her. The research shed light on the manifestations of behavioral deviation in children and the mechanisms of prevention and treatment. The research concluded with a set of recom