Hedging is a linguistic avoidance of full commitment or precision. It is the use of a vague language. The main objectives of this study are to

The determination of critical micelle concentration of selected non-ionic surfactants (Tween 20,40 and 80) have been investigated using magnetic water(MW)as an aqueous medium.Conductometry technique is used to determine critical micelle concentration.The effect of alcohol addition and temperature variation at the range(293.15 -303.15K) are also pursued. It is concluded that the process of micellization is spontaneous and endothermic because of the observed free energy of micellization (ΔG^om) , enthalpy change of micellization  (ΔH^om), and entropy change of micellization (ΔS^om) for the system was also studied.The properties of the non-ionic surfactants were studied, both in absence and presence of

In this paper, an analytical study for the behavior of ionospheric parameters (Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) and Optimum Traffic Frequency (FOT)) has been preformed between transmitter station (Baghdad) and many different receiver stations which are distributed randomly over Iraqi territory. The ionospheric parameters dataset has been made using ICEPAC communication model for annual time for the years 2009-2011 of the solar cycle 24. A simplified ionospheric model has been suggested which based on the correlated relationship between the geographical locations coordinates (longitudes & latitudes) of receiver stations and the dataset of the MUF and FOT parameters. The results of this study showed that the correlation between the ionos

          Using sodium4-((4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-2-yl)diazenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonate (SDPIHN) as a chromogenic reagent in presence of non-ionic surfactant (Triton x-100) to estimate the chromium(III)  ion if the wavelength of this reagent 463 nm to form a dark greenish-brown complex in wavelength 586 nm at pH=10,the complex was stable for longer than 24 hours. Beer's low, molar absorptivity 0.244×10⁴L.mol^-1.cm^-1, and Sandal's sensitivity 0.021 µg/cm² are all observed in the concentration range 1-11 µg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively, were 0.117 µg/mL and 0.385µg/mL. (mole ratio technique, job's method) were employed to

A new Turbidimetric method characterized by simplicity, accuracy and speed for determination of Hydronium ion by continuous flow injection analysis. The method was based on the formation of complex Zn3[Fe(CN)6] for Zinc(II) that was eluted by Hydronium ion from cation exchanger column with Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) for the formation of a pale yellow precipitate and this precipitate was determined using homemade Linear Array Ayah-5SX1-T-1D continuous flow injection analyser. The optimum parameters were 2.7 mL.min-1 flow rate using H2O as a carrier stream, 1.7 mL.min-1 reagent stream, 110 L sample volume and open valve for the purge of the sample segment. Data treatment shows that linear range 0.01-0.1 mol.L-1 for each acids (HClO

A new Turbidimetric method characterized by simplicity, accuracy and speed for determination of Hydronium ion by continuous flow injection analysis. The method was based on the formation of complex Zn3[Fe(CN)6] for Zinc(II) that was eluted by Hydronium ion from cation exchanger column with Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) for the formation of a pale yellow precipitate and this precipitate was determined using homemade Linear Array Ayah-5SX1-T-1D continuous flow injection analyser. The optimum parameters were 2.7 mL.min-1 flow rate using H2O as a carrier stream, 1.7 mL.min-1 reagent stream, 110 L sample volume and open valve for the purge of the sample segment. Data treatment shows that linear range 0.01-0.1 mol.L-1 for each acids (HClO

Records of two regionalized variables were processed for each of porosity and permeability of reservoir rocks in Zubair Formation (Zb-109) south Iraq as an indication of the most important reservoir property which is the homogeneity , considering their important results in criterion most needed for primary and enhanced oil reservoir .Z and F tests that were calculated for the two above mentioned properties of pair units of Zubair Formation have shown the difference in depositional energy and different diagenesis between units IL and AB , DJ and AB , and the similarity in grains size , sorting degree , depositional environment and pressure gradients between IL and AB units , LS and IL units ; also the difference in the properties above betw

In this article, an inverse problem of finding timewise-dependent thermal conductivity has been investigated numerically. Numerical solution of forward (direct) problem has been solved by finite-difference method (FDM). Whilst, the inverse (indirect) problem solved iteratively using Lsqnonlin   routine  from MATLAB. Initial guess for unknown coefficient expressed by explicit relation   based on nonlocal overdetermination conditions and intial input data .The obtained numrical results are presented and discussed in several figures and tables. These results are accurate and stable even in the presense of noisy data.

A new, effective, simple and inexpensive method was developed for determination the amounts of Ciprofloxacin HCl in solutions and in tablets by spectrophotometry and turbidity using sodium tungstate as reagent. Also, in this paper comparison between two techniques was conducted. The reaction between the Ciprofloxacin HCl and reagent in acidic media formed a yellowish white complex. Chemical and physical conditions have been investigated. The Linear range for spectroscopic and turbidimetric techniques were (0.05-1.25) and (0.05-3.0) mmol.L-1 with correlation coefficients (0.9956) and (0.9941) respectively. The limits of detection were 7×10-5 and 5×10-5 mol.L-1. The proposed method is good alternative for determination of Ciprofloxacin H