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A novel method for the synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and urea
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The increasing demand for energy has encouraged the development of renewable resources and environmentally benign fuel such as biodiesel. In this study, ethyl fatty esters (EFEs), a major component of biodiesel fuel, were synthesized from soybean oil using sodium ethoxide as a catalyst. By-products were glycerol and difatty acyl urea (DFAU), which has biological characteristics, as antibiotics and antifungal medications. Both EFEs and DFAU have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The optimum conditions were studied as a function of reaction time, reactant molar ratios, catalyst percentage and the effect of organic solvents. The conversion ratio of soybean oil into pure EFEs was 76% after 10 h of reaction. The highest conversion yield of EFEs is obtained when the urea/soybean oil ratio was from 6.2 mmol to 1 mmol, while the highest production of DFAU is obtained when the ethoxide (as a catalyst)/soybean oil ratio is from 6.4 mmol to 1 mmol in hexane as the reaction medium.

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Pharma Technology
Ni (II) and Cd (II) Complexes Derivatives from Heterocyclic Schiff Base; Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Biological Studies
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Ni and Cd complexes of new Schiff base derived from 5-Amino-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one with 4-chlorobenzalaldehyde (A) , 2-Hydroxy-benzalaldehyde (B) and 4-Hydroxy-benzaldehyde (C) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis , molar conductivity measurements , FTIR , UV- vis , 1HNMR, mass spectrometer and magnetic susceptibility. Analytical data revealed that six complexes were a distorted tetrahedral geometry and exhibited (1:1) metal :ligand ratio. The biological activity for the three ligands and its complexes were studied

Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Russian Journal Of Organic Chemistry
New Quinolin-2-one, Indazole, and Benzisoxazole Derivatives Derived from Chalcones: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity
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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Vertical Stress Prediction for Zubair Oil Field/ Case Study
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Predicting vertical stress was indeed useful for controlling geomechanical issues since it allowed for the computation of pore pressure for the formation and the classification of fault regimes. This study provides an in-depth observation of vertical stress prediction utilizing numerous approaches using the Techlog 2015 software. Gardner's method results in incorrect vertical stress values with a problem that this method doesn't start from the surface and instead relies only on sound log data. Whereas the Amoco, Wendt non-acoustic, Traugott, average technique simply needed density log as input and used a straight line as the observed density, this was incorrect for vertical computing stress. The results of these methods

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
CORRELATION FOR SOLUTION GAS -OIL RATIO OF IRAQI OILS AT PRESSURES BELOW THE BUBBLE POINT PRESSURE
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The solution gas-oil ratio is an important measurement in reservoir engineering calculations. The correlations are used when experimental PVT data from particular field are missing. Additional advantages of the correlations are saving of cost and time.
This paper proposes a correlation to calculate the solution gas -oil ratio at pressures below bubble point pressure. It was obtained by multiple linear regression analysis of PVT data collected from many Iraqi fields.
In this study, the solution gas-oil ratio was taken as a function of bubble point pressure, stock tank oil gravity, reservoir pressure, reservoir temperature and relative gas density.
The construction of the new correlation is depending on thirty seven PVT reports th

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 24 2025
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant Content and Antibacterial Study of New Ligand and Its Complexes from Sulfonic Acid and 2-Phthalaldehyde
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The research includes preparation of a new Schiff base from the condensation of sulfonic acid with 2-phthalaldehyde by dissolving (0.2 g, 0.346 mmole) of the ligand (L) in (10 ml) of absolute ethanol, then 0.06 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water added to it and reacting the product with some binary metal salts (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Zn, Pt, Hg). The biological study was conducted against two types of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus. aureus and Escherichia coli, and the fungus Candida albicans was also used. All the prepared complexes showed higher activity against bacteria and fungi than the ligand for the free Schiff base. The total antioxidant content of the ligand and the c

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmacy And Technology
<i>Insilico</i> and <i>in vitro</i> Approach for Design, Synthesis, and Anti-proliferative Activity of Novel Derivatives of 5-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-Substituted Phenyl-2, 4-Dihydro-3<i>H</i>-1, 2, 4-Triazole-3-Thione
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Publication Date
Thu May 01 2025
Journal Name
Process Safety And Environmental Protection
Electromembrane extraction of Cadmium (II) using a novel design of electrochemical cell with a flat sheet supported liquid membrane
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Publication Date
Thu May 01 2025
Journal Name
Process Safety And Environmental Protection
Electromembrane extraction of Cadmium (II) using a novel design of electrochemical cell with a flat sheet supported liquid membrane
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis the Causal Relationship between Oil Exports and Economic Growth in Iraq
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The oil exports play a vital role in supporting economic development and raise the economic growth. The oil exports can increase the economic growth via three main channels which are supporting the productive, distributive and service sectors; increasing the investment and capital formation; and increasing the employment rate.

However, the oil exports did not have an important role in increasing the economic growth in Iraq. Therefore, it also did not provide the required support to other economic sectors, neither participated in increase the employees’ skills nor increase the investment rate. It may slightly contribute in enhancement the infrastructure that can attract the public and private investments

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Characterization of New Heterocyclic Compounds from 2, 5- dimercapto -1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole and Their Resins
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In this research, a new 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole derivatives have been synthesized by many heterocyclic reactions. Starting from (2, 5 – dimercapto -1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole) a variety of derivatives have been synthesis. Compound (1) was synthesized by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate with carbon disulphide in absolute ethanol. The compound (1) was reacted with 1, 2-dibromoethane in presence of alkali ethanol to give the compound (2). The compound (3) was formed from the reaction of compound (2) with hydrazine hydrate. Schiff base (4) was obtained by reacting of compound (3) with the compound (p-hydroxybenzaldehyde) in absolute ethanol. A variety of phenolic Schiff base (Methylolic, Etheric, and Epoxy) derivatives have been synthesized. Methylol

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