Background: Tobacco smoking and tuberculosis (TB) are two major public health problems; Associations between smoking and tuberculosis including death from tuberculosis have been reported , A reduction in smoking could be expected to have a significant impact on TB incidence and prevalence .
Objectives: to assess the effect of smoking on tuberculosis.
Methods: This study was conducted from June 2011 to June 2012 in 200 patients, adult ( aged 17 years and more), newly diagnosed patients of pulmonary tuberculosis, at the chest and Respiratory Disease Specialized Center in Baghdad. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, data on smoking, and recurrence of disease were compared. Information on smoking status, tobacco smoking was collecte

Abstract:-

The phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption is not the result today, but not tied to time or designated place, he is the scourge is rampant in all countries of the world, without exception, those developed and developing, a phenomenon that crossed national boundaries and become withstand a global character, and corruption is limited to communities of particular economic systems without the other, but suffered Throughout history most societies to varying degrees, Iraq is one of the countries that suffered and continues to suffer from corruption, which has become, B grumble in most of the Iraqi state institutions, especially after the occupation in 2003 as administrative corruption in Iraq arrived i

      The new antiepileptic drugs, levetiracetam (LEV), are used to treat tonic-clonic seizures and myoclonic seizures in adults and children. Thirty pregnant rats were enrolled, which were divided into two groups A control (10), B treated (20). Group (A) were given distilled water orally for 15 days of pregnancy period. The other group was subdivided into two subgroups B₁, B₂ (each with 10 rats), which were treated with LEV for 14 days for subgroup (B₁) and 15 days for the other subgroup (B₂). The drug (350 mg/kg/day) is administered orally. Based on our results there was damage in the kidney due to the toxicity of the drug. The histopathological effects is represented

Background: Client satisfaction with the immunization service is used to evaluate the quality of the admitted service and at the same time it affects the goodness of the health care outcome.

Objectives: This study assessed the satisfaction with immunization services offered to children and factors affecting this satisfaction.

Methods: Exit interviews for clients were conducted in Baghdad, Al-Karkh in a representative sample of primary health care centers to assess clients’ satisfaction with immunization services. Clients are companions of children encountered at study settings.

Results: Among the 253 respondent clients, 183 (72.3%) reflected satisfaction with the immunization

The rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease
(COVID19) throughout the world without available
specific treatment or vaccine necessitates alternative
options to contain the disease. Historically, children
and pregnant women were considered high-risk
population of infectious diseases but rarely have been
spotlighted nowadays in the regular COVID-19
updates, may be due to low global rates of incidence,
morbidity, and mortality. However, complications did
occur in these subjects affected by COVID-19. We
aimed to explore the latest updates of
immunotherapeutic perspectives of COVID-19
patients in general population and some added details
regarding pediatric and obstetrical practice.
Immune system boo

 The aim of this work  is to evaluate concentrations of  natural and artificial radionuclide  in nine different samples of condiments from local markets.     The concentrations of 238 U , 232 Th ,40k  and 137Cs  were measured by using gamma spectroscopy with a high- purity germanium detector. The concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th ,40k  and 137Cs   were found to be in a range of  (21.4 - 91.13), (15.7 - 88.11) , (285.56 – 1100) and (5.1 - 27.5) Bq.kg-1  respectively. These concentrations are not hazardous to public health and the activities are within the allowed  levels

This study revolves around the rapid changes of science and a comparison of the formal and practical aspects and the reason behind summoning the changes and their types, which are subject to the influence of the recipient. This transformation represents formal and intellectual production cycles and formal functional generation that is subject to the goals of the system of multiple differences at the level of time and place. It meets the needs and the request for change, but access to it comes through multiple systems and portals that are different from the normal and the usual, so this study was called (meta and its dimensions in the designed biological formation (virtual reality environment - a model). The research seeks to find solutio

The skill of management educational activities gradually grow with the experience, but they differ from personal skill educator to another, because each style nanny personally and the way to work. There educator and active movement and vitality that look like happiness and clear during the implementation of the activity, and the other runs educational activities quietly, efficiently and without emotion and clear (dry, 2001: p. 274). And the stage of childhood is one of the most important stages that are based upon the future life as a whole because the man also confirmed by the School of analysis psychological is the son of his childhood and the best example to us what the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him): (Every child i

Zanthoxylum L. 1753 belongs to the family Rutaceae. The plant, with its forest green color and with its distinctive fragrance attracted the attention of the study, specially it was an exotic to the environment of Iraq. Zanthoxylum is an exotic plant produced to Iraq and planted in gardens as an ever-green aromatic plant named (BUKHUR HINDI), as it is known among sellers and farmers in Iraq, because of the aromatic smell that emanated from the leaves and resembles Indian incense. The plant adapted to environmental conditions and succeeded in growing and blooming. It was examined and diagnosed for the first time in Iraq as Zanthoxylum beechyanum K. Koch. (Chinese pepper tree). Morphological characteristics and anatomical characteristi

The rapid increase in the number of older people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia represents one of the major challenges to the health and social care systems. Early detection of AD makes it possible for patients to access appropriate services and to benefit from new treatments and therapies, as and when they become available. The onset of AD starts many years before the clinical symptoms become clear. A biomarker that can measure the brain changes in this period would be useful for early diagnosis of AD. Potentially, the electroencephalogram (EEG) can play a valuable role in early detection of AD. Damage in the brain due to AD leads to changes in the information processing activity of the brain and the EEG which ca