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Sub-National Governments’ Interactions in International Affairs: An Arab Perspective on Paradiplomacy
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In the last years of the twentieth century, scholars solidly focused on paradiplomacy as a study subject, linking it to federalism and decentralised systems. In the Arab world, which has 22 countries, a few states have adopted federalism or decentralisation. Only five countries, i.e., 22.7%, have adopted federalism and decentralised experience. Therefore, limited research and academic work has been conducted regarding paradiplomacy. This paper aims to research the relationship between federalism and paradiplomacy conceptually and practically and then analyse the Arab experiences in federalism and whether they applied paradiplomacy and succeeded in doing so. To explore that, the paper studies and compares the related articles of constitutions of these five countries, which revealed a noticeable differentiation in terms of competencies granted to sub-state actors in these countries. The paper suggests and encourages doing more in-depth research on this issue to clarify why federalism and then paradiplomacy succeeded in some countries and failed in others.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
World Journal Of Dentistry
Differential Expression of Toll-like Receptor 4 and Nuclear Factor κB of Primary Rat Oral Keratinocytes in Response to Stimulation with<i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>
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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Metaphor in Political Discourse Press Articles By Louis Bassets As A Model: La metáfora en el discurso político. Los artículos de Lluís Bassets como ejemplo
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       The present paper focuses on studying a rhetorical form often used in Spanish linguistic discourse .It also examines the study two sides (theoretical and practical), the concept of metaphor, the most important modern school that deals with this issue, the development of this technique and its relationship with other intellectual ideologies, and the role metaphor plays in interpreting the meaning of the linguistic discourse especially in conveying political message. The study allows the formulation and the creation of a conceptual picture for the purposes of metaphor in the linguistic discourse used in Spanish press. It investigates discursive models from the Spanish press,

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 16 2022
Journal Name
Res Militaris
The contents of the campaign (your health is a trust) of the World Health Organization in Iraq to prevent infection with the Covid 19 virus
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This study examines the analysis of the contents of the international public relations campaign in confronting the Covid-19 virus, which was taken from the (Your Health is a Trust) campaign for the World Health Organization, Iraq office.The research problem revolves around a main question that is, what are the axes of the campaign (Your Health is a Trust) established by the World Health Organization (Iraq office) in the prevention of Covid 19 virus?From this main question, several sub-questions emerged that this study answered on their Facebook page, and the communication activities of the Covid-19 awareness campaign. In the content analysis form, as this form included a number of main themes and main categoriesthat were adopted in analyzin

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Scopus
Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Immunohistochemical expression of P53, as a marker of apoptosis in Hodgkin’s and Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the head and neck region
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Background: Malignant lymphomas represent about 5% of all malignancy of the head and neck region which can involve lymph nodes as well as soft tissue and bone of the maxillofacial region. Apoptosis is considered a vital component of various processes including normal cell turnover, proper development and functioning of the immune system. Inappropriate apoptosis is a factor in many human conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic damage, autoimmune disorders and many types of cancer. Expression of p53 Proteins in Hodgkin׳s and Non Hodgkin׳s lymphomas suggested that it can help in monitoring of patients and the markers may aid in controlling the progression of lymphoma and detect the degree of aggressiveness of the diseas

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Public Health Research &amp; Development
The Effect of Special Exercises for those with (Cognitive Concentration) in the Development of Motor Satisfaction and Learning Some Types of Scoring Basketball for Students
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The importance of the research in the preparation of special exercises to develop some types of basketball scoring as a contribution to help the physical education teacher to find successful educational alternatives. The purpose of the study was to prepare special exercises for the cognitive (cognitive) survey in the development of motor satisfaction and learning some types of Scoring for basketball for students. Learn about the effect of cognitive exercises in cognitive development in students. The survey included students from the first stage of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science \ University of Diyala (159) divided into 6 people. The sample was randomized by (b) and (b) D) and after dispersion by the standard method In

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Assessment of transforming growth factor beta one (TGF-?1) immunohistochemical (IHC) expression profile in the gingival tissue of patients with different forms of periodontal diseases
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Background: This study evaluate the immunohistochemical expression profile of transforming growth factor beta-1 in inflamed gingival tissue of patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis compared to healthy subjects and, determine the correlation between this cytokine and the clinical periodontal parameters, intensity of inflammation and chronic periodontitis severity. Materials and methods: Gingival tissue specimens were taken from 23 chronic periodontitis patients, 20 gingivitis patients and 20 periodontally healthy subjects. The periodontal status was evaluated by dichotomous measurements of the clinical periodontal parameters (PLI, GI, BOP, PPD, CAL). The gingival specimens were fixed immediately in 10% formalin and processed ro

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 02 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The effectiveness of a proposed program to solve the problem of mixing Arabic letters similar to the voice of students in the second grade primary
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The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a program to address the problem of mixing similar letters in the Arabic language for students in the second grade of primary and to achieve the goal of the research. The researcher followed the experimental method to suit the nature of this research and found that there are statistically significant differences between the tribal and remote tests, The effectiveness of the proposed educational program. At the end of the research, the researcher recommends several recommendations, the most important of which are: 1 - Training students to correct pronunciation of the outlets, especially in the first three stages of primary education (primary) and the use of direct training

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
(Estimation and Analysis of the Cobb-Duglas Production Function for the Rail Transport Sector in Iraq for the Period 1990-2016 using the ARDL Model)
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Abstract:

Since the railway transport sector is very important in many countries of the world, we have tried through this research to study the production function of this sector and to indicate the level of productivity under which it operates.

It was found through the estimation and analysis of the production function Kub - Duglas that the railway transport sector in Iraq suffers from a decline in the level of productivity, which was reflected in the deterioration of the level of services provided for the transport of passengers and goods. This led to the loss of the sector of importance in supporting the national economy and the reluctance of most passengers an

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 19 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Petroleum Research And Studies
Improving the Reliability of Well Log Data Recorded in Oil and Gas Wells through Quality Control Approaches: A Case Study from a Southern Iraqi Field
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Quality control of well logs has always been an important objective in reservoir studies because of the key role played by well logs as input data. This study aims to make a quality control on well logs data for two wells of Yamama formation in southern Iraqi field to ensuring and enhancing the measurement accuracy. In the beginning, the calibration data of before and after surveys are applied as initial evaluation for the quality of density log in well R-1. Then, depth matching is used to fit the depth of all logs in each well. After that, the comparison between the main and repeat sections is helped to check the repeatability. Finally, all uncorrected logs are environmentally corrected to remove the effects of the borehole conditi

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Apr 14 2022
Journal Name
Nat. Volatiles & Essent. Oils,
Estimate The Amount of Amino and Fatty Acids in The Liver Tissue of Uromastyx Aegyptius Microlepis During the Periods of Hibernation (December) And Activity (May)
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Amino and fatty acids in the liver tissue of Uromastyx aegyptius microlepis during the periods of hibernation (December) and activity (May) were estimate by a high performance liquid chromatography, liver of a lizard during the activity and hibernation seasons, contained 18 amino acids, which include, 10 essential amino acids and 8 non-essential amino acids, and the liver in the male lizard contained five fatty acids during each season, the concentration rates of all the amino acids during the activity season were higher than their counterparts during the hibernation season, the total concentrations of essential and non-essential amino acids during the activity season were 19434.8 µg/ml, which was greater than the total concentrations leve

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