Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of different parts (seeds, leaves, bark) of neem plant (Azadirachta Indica) were screened for antibacterial activaties against five species of bacteria (Staphylococcus aurous, Staphylococcus epidermises, Acinetobacter baumanni, Psedommonas aeruginosa, and Escherishia coli). Different extracts 40-80 mg/L were tested using Ager-well diffusion method. Neem parts potent demonstrated for anti-bacterial activaties against all microorganisms tested. The results showed that neem seeds aqueous and ethanolic, extract have significant effects for all tested bacteria, the maximum inhibition zone by seeds cold aqueous and cold ethanolic extracts were 22 & 13 mm for E. coli and S. epidermidis respectively; while leav

The study of Mars's ionosphere was made by investigating the measurements of the electron density (Ne) depending of the variation of the solar activities through different local time, different seasons, and different altitudes. The datasets has been taken from MARSIS on board the Mars Express spacecraft, the investigation for the solar indices and the electron density (Ne) have been made for two period of time depending on the strength of the geomagnetic storms, the first one was taken when the geomagnetic storms was low as in years (1998 & 2005), the data was chosen for three seasons of these years, Winter (December), Summer (June) and Spring (April). The second period was taken for the years (2001 & 2002) when the geomagnetic s

Brucella melitensis isolates were obtained from human infections , and milk which obtained from aborted sheep at Mosul city vicinity . One isolate from each source was used in carrying out this study. Brucella liquid culture was added to sheep milk at 2.5 % for treatments . To first treatment 2 % of yoghurt starter ( Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus ( 1: 1 ) ) . Second treatment was carried out without addition of yoghurt starter but the pH was lowered using lactic acid in pattern similar to first treatment . Third treatment was similar to the first treatment but contained buffer to alleviate the reduction in pH , which reduced to 6.1 in comparison to 4.9 of the first treatment .

Background:The technology of nanoparticles has been expanded to many aspects of modern life. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were of many nanomaterials utilized in biomedical applications. The interactions between nanoparticles and proteins are believed to be the base for the biological effect of the nanoparticles. The oxidation reaction of many substances is catalyzed by oxidizing enzymes called peroxidases. The activity of salivary peroxidase is elevated with periodontal diseases. the aim ofthis study is to examine the action of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on salivary peroxidase activity.Material and method75 participants were enrolled in this study—Periodontitis group with 44 participants and the non-periodontitis group with 31 pa

Dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus (Asche and Wilson) is one of the major sucking pests of date palm. Both nymphs causes severe damage to the leaves by sucking the cell sap . If the damage is severe, it could cause the death of the date palms. The effect of different concentrations of some natural plant essential oils was evaluated on fifth instar nymphs of the insect. The results clearly demonstrated that the tested oils from mint (Mentha piperata), Parsley (Petroselinum sativum), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules) to evaluate their effect on fecundity of fertile female resulted from these exposed instars nymphs and hatching of these egg. The corrected mortality and numbers of eggs laid, hatching, were studied.

Computer models are used in the study of electrocardiography to provide insight into physiological phenomena that are difficult to measure in the lab or in a clinical environment.

The electrocardiogram is an important tool for the clinician in that it changes characteristically in a number of pathological conditions. Many illnesses can be detected by this measurement. By simulating the electrical activity of the heart one obtains a quantitative relationship between the electrocardiogram and different anomalies.

Because of the inhomogeneous fibrous structure of the heart and the irregular geometries of the body, finite element method is used for studying the electrical properties of the heart.

This work describes t

The study of Mars's ionosphere was made by investigating the measurements of the electron density (Ne) depending of the variation of the solar activities through different local time, different seasons, and different altitudes. The datasets has been taken from MARSIS on board the Mars Express spacecraft, the investigation for the solar indices and the electron density (Ne) have been made for two period of time depending on the strength of the geomagnetic storms, the first one was taken when the geomagnetic storms was low as in years (1998 & 2005), the data was chosen for three seasons of these years, Winter (December), Summer (June) and Spring (April). The second period was taken for the years (2001 & 2002) when the geomagnetic s

    This study was aimed to investigate the role of crud alcoholic extract of Lallemantia royleana seeds in reducing the hepatotoxicity and side effect of rifadin drug in liver.                      The animals (40 mice) were divided into four groups, the first group was treated with normal saline (0.9%) for 28 days as a control and the second group was treated with rifadin (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 28 days and third group was treated with acoholic extract of Lallemantia royleana seeds (1% w/v) for 28 days, while the forth group was treated with alcoholic extract of seeds alone for 5 days and with alcoholic extract and rifadin for 28 days, so the total period of this group is 33

Since decades silver was depended worldwide as a treatment to a lot of diseases
ranging from burn infections, anthrax, and typhoid fever to bacterial conjunctivitis
in stillbirth, but its effectiveness against biofilms is still undetermined. Salmonella is
a major cause of food poisoning outbreaks especially in the third world countries.
Thus, in the present study; the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (Ag-
NPs) against Salmonella enterica biofilm was examined; their activity was
compared with amino acid; D-Glycin and imipenem antibiotic. The result of the
study revealed that Ag-NPs exhibited considerable antimicrobial property against
Salmonella enterica biofilm where the minimum inhibitory concentrat

 New chalcones of  -{ -  -   -   y  -     - hi di z  e- -y    he y  - -    e e- -  e-    -        - substituted phenyl have been prepared from condensation of  a new of  4-[5-(4`-tolyl)1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl] benzaldehyde (which is synthesized by the reaction of  2- amino-5- (4`-tolyl) -1,3,4-thiadiazole and benzaldehyde) with 3- or 4- substituted acetophenones in alkaline medium. The physical, CHNS analysis and spectral data of the synthesized compounds were determined. The biological activity evaluated of new compounds showed that many of these compounds possess antiba