By definition, the detection of protein complexes that form protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) is an NP-hard problem. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs), as global search methods, are proven in the literature to be more successful than greedy methods in detecting protein complexes. However, the design of most of these EA-based approaches relies on the topological information of the proteins in the PPIN. Biological information, as a key resource for molecular profiles, on the other hand, acquired a little interest in the design of the components in these EA-based methods. The main aim of this paper is to redesign two operators in the EA based on the functional domain rather than the graph topological domain. The perturbation mechanism of both crossover and mutation operators is designed based on the direct gene ontology annotations and Jaccard similarity coefficients for the proteins. The results on yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae PPIN provide a useful perspective that the functional domain of the proteins, as compared with the topological domain, is more consistent with the true information reported in the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequence (MIPS) catalog. The evaluation at both complex and protein levels reveals that feeding the components of the EA with biological information will imply more accurate complex structures, whereas topological information may mislead the algorithm towards a faulty structure.
In this paper a theoretical attempt is made to determine whether changes in the aorta diameter at different location along the aorta can be detected by brachial artery measurement. The aorta is divided into six main parts, each part with 4 lumps of 0.018m length. It is assumed that a desired section of the aorta has a radius change of 100,200, 500%. The results show that there is a significant change for part 2 (lumps 5-8) from the other parts. This indicates that the nearest position to the artery gives the significant change in the artery wave pressure while other parts of the aorta have a small effect.
The main target of the current study is to investigate the microbial content and mineral contaminants of the imported meat available in the city of Baghdad and to ensure that it is free from harmful bacteria, safe and it compliances with the Iraqi standard specifications. Some trace mineral elements such as (Iron, Copper, Lead, and Cadmium) were also estimated, where 10 brands of these meats were collected. Bacteriological tests were carried out which included (total bacterial count,
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections in humans and detect Toxocara spp. in cats, with a focus on assessing the impact of age and gender on infection rates. Traditional diagnostic methods have historically limited the accurate identification of helminth infections in humans. Analysis of 450 human stool samples revealed an overall helminth infection rate of 5.7% using conventional techniques. The specific infection rates were 0.4% for Strongyloides stercoralis, 0.6% for Schistosoma mansoni, 1.7% for Hymenolepis nana, and 2.8% for Ascaris lumbricoides. Notably, no infections were recorded in the 30–39 and ≥40-year age groups, while the highest infection rate (16.3%, P≤0.01) was observed in indi
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The leases, are regarded as one of the most controversial accounting issues in recent years, since they represents one of the important sources of funding, which may be exploited by the tenant as off- Balance sheet Financing , which negatively affects the quality of financial reporting. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have "significant" interest in accounting for leases . FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 13 on lease contracts in 1976 and IASB issued IAS 17 in 1980, which was amended in 1997 and IFRS 16, issued in January 2016, which will be effective on January 1, 2019 , to solve
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