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The effect of left ventricle ischemia severity on cardiac performance appeared on ejection fraction using radioactive TC <sup>99m</sup> MIBI in comparison with echocardiography
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Abstract<p>Ischemic heart disease is a major causes of heart failure. Heart failure patients have predominantly left ventricular dysfunction (systolic or diastolic dysfunction, or both). Acute heart failure is most commonly caused by reduced myocardial contractility, and increased LV stiffness. We performed echocardiography and gated SPECT with Tc<sup>99m</sup> MIBI within 263 patients and 166 normal individuals. Left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured. For all degrees of ischemia, there was a significant difference between ejection fraction values measured by SPECT and echocardiography, and there were no significant differences among end systolic volume and end diastolic volume value calculated by two methods for all cases.</p><p>The mean value for EDV (ECHO)/EDV (SPECT) was 1.07 ± 0.31 for degree (1, 2); in the degree 3 the mean value was 1.02 ± 0.08, and 1.005 ± 0.07 for degree 4.</p><p>The mean value for ESV (ECHO)/ESV (SPECT) was 1.08 ± 0.34 for degree (1, 2); while 1.03 ± 0.12, 1.021 ± 0.128 for degree 3 and 4 respectively.</p><p>This study was showed a good relation between left ventricular size and ejection fraction measured by SPECT with Tc<sup>99m</sup>, and echocardiography.</p>
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Publication Date
Tue Oct 20 2020
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Fuzzy Semimaximal Submodules
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     Let R be a commutative ring with unity and an R-submodule N is called semimaximal if and only if

 the sufficient conditions of F-submodules to be semimaximal .Also the concepts of (simple , semisimple) F- submodules and quotient F- modules are  introduced and given some  properties .

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