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INVESTIGATION ON THE AIR-GAS CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR-HYDROGEN MIXER DESIGNED FOR DUAL FUEL – ENGINES
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High smoke emissions, nitrogen oxide and particulate matter typically produced by diesel engines. Diminishing the exhausted emissions without doing any significant changes in their mechanical configuration is a challenging subject. Thus, adding hydrogen to the traditional fuel would be the best practical choice to ameliorate diesel engines performance and reduce emissions. The air hydrogen mixer is an essential part of converting the diesel engine to work under dual fuel mode (hydrogen-diesel) without any engine modification. In this study, the Air-hydrogen mixer is developed to get a homogenous mixture for hydrogen with air and a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio according to the speed of the engine. The mixer depends on the balance between the force exerted on the head surface of the valve and the opposite forces (the spring and friction forces) and its relation to decrease and increase the fuel inlet. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis software was utilised to study the hydrogen and airflow behaviour inside the mixer, established by 3.2 L engine. The Air-hydrogen mixer is examined with different speeds of engine1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 RPM. Results showed air-hydrogen mixture was homogenous in the mixer. Furthermore, the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio was achieved according to the speed of the engine, the developed mixer of the AIR-Hydrogen mixing process provides high mixing homogeneity and engines with stoichiometric air-fuel ratios, which subsequently contributes to the high levels of efficiency in engine operation. In summary, the current study intends to reduce the emissions of gases and offer a wide range of new alternative fuels usage. While the performance of the diesel engine with the new air-hydrogen mixer needs to be tested practically.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Investigation of Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanocarriers for Oral Felodipine Delivery: Formulation, Method, In-vitro and Ex-vivo Evaluation
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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Key Engineering Materials
Numerical Investigation of New Cooling Method for Clinker Flow in Opposite Direction with Airflow at Different Height Ratios
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Several parameters affect the properties of Portland cement and one of these parameters is the cooling rate of the clinker. If the effectiveness of the cooling method of the clinker increases, a good enhancement in the properties of Portland cement will be found. Depending on the new cooling method suggestion by Nasr et. al. [20], the counter pattern of air clinker flow was studied using (FLUENT 6.3.26). The dimensions of the cooling room in grate cooler, the constant mass flow rate of both clinker and air, different height ratios, and different clinker porosity were considered in this numerical work. The results show that the heat transfers in the first half of the cooling room (0 < X < 0.9 m) is larger than that in the secon

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS11 Constraints and Remedies (Application in Basra Gas Company)
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The aim of this study is to highlight on the concept of joint arrangements and projects in accordance with IFRS 11, in addition, the study also focuses on accounting standards and IFRSs which are relevant to this standard.  With a description of the legislative and accounting challenges in the Iraqi environment facing the application of IFRS 11, as well as studying the reality of accounting in such economic activity of companies operating in this sector.

In order to achieve the study objectives, the researcher conducted a comparative analysis between IFRS 11 (Joint Arrangements) and the Iraqi Unified Accounting System, In the second step, IFRS 11 is applied to the Basrah Gas Company's (research sampl

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The analytical potentiality of three different liquid stationary phases in analysing rathylchlorosilanes by gas - liquid ehromatography
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Organohalosilanes conslitute an important subject ١٦؛ the chemistry oforganosilicon compound؛. Being starting materials and intermediates in the synthesis of a large number of various compounds so it is very important to get such materials in its highest purity ,but the separation of rathylchlorosilanes was still a big^oblem, duet^the great similarity in their physical and chemical properties, making its analysing verydifficult, ^or this reason tteir must be a good method o^e^r^iondealing^ththe^compounds, gas- liquid chromatography proved that it was the best, specially when (m- nitrotoluene) was used as a stationary liquid phase, it gave a complete separation and a good statistical results

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Subsurface Investigation Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging for Proposed Industrial Site near Erbil-Kirkuk Borders, Northern Iraq
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The friendly-environment geophysical methods are commonly used in various engineering and near-surface environmental investigations. Electrical Resistivity Imaging technique was used to investigate the subsurface rocks, sediments properties of a proposed industrial site to characterize the lateral and vertical lithological changes. via the electrical resistivity, to give an overview about the karst, weak and robust subsoil zones. Nineteen 2D ERI profiles using Wenner array with 2 m electrode spacing have been applied to investigate the specific industry area. One of these profiles has been conducted with one-meter electrode spacing. The surveyed profiles are divided into a number of blocks, each block consists of several parallel pr

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Chemical,biological And Physical Sciences
Study the Electron Drift Velocity in Carbon Dioxide Gas Obtained From Boltzmann Equation Analysis‏
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Dramatic Dialogue And Its Effectiveness In Enhancing The Characteristics Of The Alienated Character In The Television Series
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Dialogue is one of the pillars of character building in the television series, through which it is possible to identify the most important characteristics and traits of the personality, in addition to its ability to reveal the most important problems at all levels. The following: (How does dialogue contribute to enhancing the traits of the alienated personality?). It therefore aims to identify the effectiveness of the dramatic dialogue in enhancing the traits of the alienated personality represented by (powerlessness, isolation, meaninglessness, objectification, non-standardization and rebellion). (The traits of the alienated character, and the second is the psychological function of the dramatic dialogue), to extract from them the main

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 18 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Optical Communications
Theoretical investigation of multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique for line of sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communications system
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Abstract<p>In this paper, a theoretical investigation was suggested to study underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system based on multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique. The modulation schemes such as RZ-OOK, NRZ-OOK, 32-PPM and 4-QAM applied under different coastal water types. MIMO technique enabled the system to transmit data rate with longer distance link. The performance of the proposed system examined by BER and data rate as a metrics. Several impairments such as the types of water by the attenuation of coastal water and the distance link were taken into account for the transmission of the optical signal to appreciate the reliability of the MIMO technique. The theore</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Aug 19 2023
Journal Name
Silicon
Structural and Hardness Characteristics of Silicon Nitride Thin Films Deposited on Metallic Substrates by DC Reactive Sputtering Technique
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Effect of Addition Different Levels of Kojic Acid and Sodium Alginate as a substitutes of conventional Antibiotic on the Characteristics of Cryopreserved Semen of Buffalo Bulls
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Abstract<p>This experiment examined the effects of adding sodium alginate and KOJIC acid as substitutes of Conventional antibiotics to soybean lecithin extender on the characteristics of cryopreserved and frozen buffalo bull semen, as well as evaluation of their additions as antibiotics that to help lowering the microbial load. Following the collection and dilution of in the soybean lecithin extender, the experimental treatments were separated into five groups, as follows: T1: (control-) without adding any antibiotics; T2: (control+) adding the conventional antibiotics Gentamicin 0.4 IU and Tylosin 0.08 IU per 100 ml; T3: adding Kojic acid at (0.06 g/L) T4: adding sodium alginate at (0.6 mg/mL)T</p> ... Show More
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