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Biofilm Feast: Stringent Response-Induced Changes in MRSA and MSSA Isolates, Examining icaA/ icaD Gene Expression
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Introduction: The stringent response is a bacterial adaptation mechanism triggered by stress conditions, including nutrient limitation. This response helps bacteria survive under harsh conditions, such as those encountered during infection. A key feature of the stringent response is the synthesis of the alarmone (p)ppGpp, which influences various bacterial phenotypes. In several bacterial species, stringent response activation significantly affects biofilm formation and maintenance. Methods: Clinical specimens were collected from multiple hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq. Staphylococcus aureus was identified using conventional biochemical tests. The PCR technique was applied to detect mecA, icaA, and icaD genes, while the Vitek 2 compact system confirmed Methicillin sensitivity in mecA-negative isolates. Biofilm intensity of all S. aureus isolates was assessed under normal and starved conditions. Additionally, the gene expression levels of icaA and icaD were measured in five MRSA and five MSSA strains under both conditions. Results: The mecA, icaA, and icaD genes were detected in 94%, 96.3%, and 100% of S. aureus isolates, respectively. Biofilm production analysis showed that 24% of isolates were strong producers, 49% were moderate producers, and 9% were weak producers. Statistical analysis indicated that biofilm intensity significantly decreased under nutrient limitation (p < 0.0001) compared to normal conditions across all isolates. Furthermore, icaA and icaD genes were upregulated under stringent response conditions, regardless of Methicillin resistance status. Conclusion: The stringent response influences S. aureus biofilm formation, with biofilm intensity decreasing under nutrient-limited conditions. However, the upregulation of icaA and icaD genes suggests a regulatory role of the stringent response in biofilm-related gene expression. These findings highlight the potential impact of stress adaptation mechanisms on bacterial persistence and pathogenicity.

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Practice Periodical On Structural Design And Construction
Safety Innovation and Integration in High-Performance Designs: Benefits, Motivations, and Obstacles
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Serum Cortisol and BMI in Chronic Diseases and Increased Early Cardiovascular Diseases
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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cortisol, and it is related to BMI in the chronic diseases which may increase early cardiovascular disease (CVD) in old Iraqi. The subjects were 116 adults, aged 51-71 years. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumferences (WC) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) were used as a measure of adiposity. Investigation showed highly significant difference between patients in BMI ranges, most of male were in an obese weight range (48.5%), as well in women. There were no significant correlations between serum cortisol concentration and age both gender groups. While there were highly significant correlations between cortisol level and BMI, waist, and WHR (except in female subjects), also there were highly signi

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 20 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Reasons modern and contemporary applications social and political engineering in the west
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The results of the historical review of social and political realities in general show that the practical and procedural applications of social engineering as a particular activity primarily of the social and political characteristics of man and society emerged in modern Western societies before appearing in other societies, These results also show that the emergence of these practical reasons and their applications in the West has also seen the emergence of modern theoretical foundations there, which seems to be the usual and usual context everywhere and in most or not all areas of life. Since the social and political dimensions are intertwined in human life and are in full, comprehensive and lasting harmony, interest in this geometry h

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
The International And Political Journal
Constitutional Amendments in Oman and Their Impact on Internal and Foreign Policy
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The Sultanate of Oman is located in the far southwest of the Arabian Peninsula and enjoys a distinctive geographical location as it overlooks the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. The Sultanate has good relations with various countries of the world and enjoys an important regional position. At the beginning of 2020, Sultan Qaboos bin Said died, and Haitham bin Tariq assumed power after him, according to the will of his cousin, the late Sultan. The new Sultan had held some important positions before 2020, including: Minister of Heritage and Culture since February 2002, Chairman of the Supreme Committee for the Future Vision (Oman 2040), Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs f

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 30 2024
Journal Name
Mesopotamian Journal Of Cybersecurity
Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity in Face Sale Contracts: Legal Issues and Frameworks
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The sale of facial features is a new modern contractual development that resulted from the fast transformations in technology, leading to legal, and ethical obligations. As the need rises for human faces to be used in robots, especially in relation to industries that necessitate direct human interaction, like hospitality and retail, the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) generated hyper realistic facial images poses legal and cybersecurity challenges. This paper examines the legal terrain that has developed in the sale of real and AI generated human facial features, and specifically the risks of identity fraud, data misuse and privacy violations. Deep learning (DL) algorithms are analyzed for their ability to detect AI genera

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 21 2023
Journal Name
مجلة علوم الرياضة
The Effect of using Linear programming and Branching programming by computer in Learning and Retention of movement concatenation (Linkwork) in Parallel bars in Artistic Gymnastics
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The aim of this study was to Identifying The Effect of using Linear programming and Branching programming by computer in Learning and Retention of movement concatenation(Linkwork) in parallel bars in Artistic Gymnastics. The searchers have used the experimental method. The search subject of this article has been taken (30) male - students in the second class from the College of Physical Education/University of Baghdad divided into three groups; the first group applied linear programming by computer, and the second group has been applicated branching programming by computer, while precision group used traditional method in the college. The researchers concluded the results by using the statistical bag for social sciences (spss) such as both

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 26 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Cost and Quality of Documentary Credit in achieving the Competitive Advantage in Banks: An Applied Research in North Bank for Finance and Investment and The United Bank for Investment
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Documentary Credit passes through many practical phases starting from Opening credit and matching documents and payment of the amount of credit……etc.  It is worthy to mention that there are several aspects that are varied and differed from Bank to another one which can offer Competitive Advantage for the bank …This will be shown in this research.

For the purpose of achieving the objective of this research within the theoretical aspect, the researcher had seen and briefed several books and researches which are mainly related to the subject of the research.

As for the practical aspect, has included Questionnaire which included many questions that are fit and suitable to the hypotheses.

Research sample has

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 04 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Activity of Crab Components and Crab Shell in Experimental Rats in Comparison with Dexamethasone and Diclofenac Sodium
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Crabs belong to the crustacean family (Decapods crustacean), and their shells contain natural ingredients from which the bioactive compounds are derived. It has been used as folklore medicine in cancer treatment. We investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects for crab shells and whole crabs. Thirty-six rats (150–200 gm) from both sexes were used, divided into six groups, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity measured using cotton pellet induce granuloma model. Detection of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), superoxide (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels using ELISA Kits. The data analysis by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. Values are significant at (p < 0.05).

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 14 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Correlation between Caries Related Microorganisms in the Dental Plaque and Saliva with Dental Caries Level in the Upper and Lower Jaws in 5-9 Years Old Children in Baghdad City
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Background: The oral cavity is considered as a complex ecological niche, its complex microbial community is reflected to it. Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as one of the major etiological factor of dental caries. Tooth surfaces colonized with Streptococcus mutans are at a higher risk for developing caries, while lactobacilli are considered as the secondary invaders, not initiators of the carious lesion. The main purpose of this study was to correlate the dental caries (for primary and permanent teeth) in the upper jaw with the streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli count in the dental plaque and saliva, also to correlate the dental caries (for primary and permanent teeth) in the lower jaw with the streptococcus mutans and lactobaci

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 03 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Keys for Isolation suborders and Families and genera and species of Book and Bark lice in Baghdad and Babylon [Order PSOCOPTERA]
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A taxonomic keys was established of book and bark lice Order Psocoptera to isolated insects in Iraq from different localities of Baghdad and Babylon provinces. Thirteen species belong to eight genera and five families have been studied and described in details, these species were recorded for the first time in Iraq. These species are: Belaphopsocus badonneli New, 1971; Belaphotroctes oculeris Bodonnel, 1973; Embodopsocosis newi Bodonnel, 1973; Epipsocus stigamaticus Mockeord, 1991; Lepinotus huoni Schmidt and New, 2008; Liposcelies decolor Peramane 1925 Liposcelies paeta Pearman 1942 Liposclies bostrychphila Badonnel 1931; Liposclies brunnea Mostchulsky 1852; Liposclies entoophila Enderlein 1907; Neopsocopsis minuscule Li 2002 ;

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