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Biofilm Feast: Stringent Response-Induced Changes in MRSA and MSSA Isolates, Examining icaA/ icaD Gene Expression
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Introduction: The stringent response is a bacterial adaptation mechanism triggered by stress conditions, including nutrient limitation. This response helps bacteria survive under harsh conditions, such as those encountered during infection. A key feature of the stringent response is the synthesis of the alarmone (p)ppGpp, which influences various bacterial phenotypes. In several bacterial species, stringent response activation significantly affects biofilm formation and maintenance. Methods: Clinical specimens were collected from multiple hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq. Staphylococcus aureus was identified using conventional biochemical tests. The PCR technique was applied to detect mecA, icaA, and icaD genes, while the Vitek 2 compact system confirmed Methicillin sensitivity in mecA-negative isolates. Biofilm intensity of all S. aureus isolates was assessed under normal and starved conditions. Additionally, the gene expression levels of icaA and icaD were measured in five MRSA and five MSSA strains under both conditions. Results: The mecA, icaA, and icaD genes were detected in 94%, 96.3%, and 100% of S. aureus isolates, respectively. Biofilm production analysis showed that 24% of isolates were strong producers, 49% were moderate producers, and 9% were weak producers. Statistical analysis indicated that biofilm intensity significantly decreased under nutrient limitation (p < 0.0001) compared to normal conditions across all isolates. Furthermore, icaA and icaD genes were upregulated under stringent response conditions, regardless of Methicillin resistance status. Conclusion: The stringent response influences S. aureus biofilm formation, with biofilm intensity decreasing under nutrient-limited conditions. However, the upregulation of icaA and icaD genes suggests a regulatory role of the stringent response in biofilm-related gene expression. These findings highlight the potential impact of stress adaptation mechanisms on bacterial persistence and pathogenicity.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 08 2019
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences (pen)
Estimating total dissolved solids and total suspended solids in Mosul dam lake in situ and using remote sensing technique
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Publication Date
Sun Aug 01 2021
Journal Name
Biochemical & Cellular Archives,
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN AND/OR GUM ARABIC IN THE LOCAL PRODUCE SOFT AND HARD CHEESE IN BAGHDAD CITY
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antimicrobial solutions against Coliforms, E. coli O157: H7, yeasts and molds were evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Chitosan (CH) exhibited best antimicrobial activity against the treated microorganisms at concentration of (5%) with contact time for 6hrs at refrigeration temperature (4ÚC), zones of inhibition for (GA) and (CH) for each solution alone ranging from (0 to 10 mm), chitosan solution (CH) exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities, Gum Arabic washing solution showed significant antibacterial activity (P < 0.05) against the microorganisms at concentration (15%), without inhibitory effect against E. coli O157:H7 at concentration (10%), in the current study the results confirmed that (15%) (w/v) of GA and 5%

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 23 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Correlation between Seminal Fructosamine and Glycosylation Gap and Some Sex Hormones in the Young Infertile Male in Mosul City
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Infertility represents a growing health problem in Mosul city and worldwide. Infertility defined as a failure to induce pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse for more than 12 months. Infertility in male is a multifactorial complex pathology that leads to different types of problems. This work try to explore the correlation between glycosylation gap and seminal fructosamine and another parameter in the young male patient in Mosul city. The study included 50 subjects with age range 19-29 year with BMI 18-26. The infertility group include 25 patients newly diagnosed with infertility before starting any treatment; have no infection and no structural abnormality. The control group included 25 healthy subjects. HbA1c, fructosamine, Se

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 04 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Relationship between Social Anxiety and Mindfulness In Iraqi Women Living In Iraq And The UK; A Comparison Study
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The continuous pressure of work and daily life and the increasing financial and social stress that Iraqi women are experiencing (both inside and outside Iraq) is one of the main causes of anxiety, particularly in those of working class women. This group of women carry the burden of carrying out multiple roles and responsibilities at the same time. All this collectively make them more prone to developing anxiety compared to men. In addition, the physiological and psychological nature of women, as females, on top of the other roles in life, like being a wife or mother or daughter or sister, all add extra pressure on women especially for those who are considered as productive working individuals in the society. In order to study the relatio

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 02 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Teaching Using Adey- Shire Model and its Effect in Achievement and Critical Thinking for first intermediate students in Mathematics
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The aim of this research is to measure the effect of Adey- Shire model in the achievement and critical thinking of first intermediate female students in mathematics. The researcher adopted the experimental method with a post-test, the research of sample consists of (60) female students, divided into two groups with (30) students in the experimental group, that studied with Adey- Shire model, and (30) students in the control group who studied in the usual way. The two groups are equivalent in many variables. The researcher makes two tests of multiple choices, the first one is an achievement test consists (30) items and another test was for a critical thinking test with (25) items. The statistical analysis make to both tests is made with s

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
((Human Resource Staffing Strategy and and its impact in the high performance A Field research in Ministry of Agriculture))
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Abstract

were determine the problem of current research to answer the  question on the consciousness of the Ministry of Agriculture to adopt Staffing  strategy and identify the shortcomings  as the independent variable, represented by the three dimensions (recruitment , selection, placement) and its impact on high performance, as  dependent   variable is described  in  four dimensions (leadership, strategy, structure and processes, culture), in this research were  Used  analytical descriptive  style . This research aims to identify the correlation and impact  of Staffing strategy at high-performance in Ministry of Agriculture , To clarify the relationship between

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Constants of blood money in the Koran   And its variables in the custom prevailing in Iraq
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Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.
          Because it has a prominent role in the life of the Muslim person in particular, and in the stability, security, and safety of society in general, I found it appropriate to participate even a little in solving some of the problems that arise in the nation, and that Adello Badawi in this important issue that concerns everyone without exception And that I show that there are constants in the Koran, from which the scholars of the Ummah derived their evidence on this subject, and that there have been variables have occurred in some Islamic societies, in the issue of blood money that deserves the victim and his family, has allocated talk

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 29 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
News in Brief and Their Role in Public Understanding of News Content in Iraqi Satellite TV
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News feeds are at the forefront of news forms that are close to the public's attention for their rapid news content in two directions:

  1. its speed in summarizing events in one or two sentences easy to be understood and realized.
  2. highlight the most important contents of screenings or news broadcast.

The researchers felt that the importance of these brief news compared to news broadcast, breaking news and news subtitle are still ambiguous, as well as their contents.

The researchers selected the city of Baghdad as a community to research and prepare a questionnaire form containing (11) questions.

The questionnaires were distributed to a non-relative stratified

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 29 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Qualitative Researches in Media and Communication Sciences: Theoretical Highlights and Applied Pathways
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The debate on the methodology of media and communication research is no longer subject to the logic of the contradiction between the quantitative and the qualitative approach, nor the logic of the comparison between them. The nature of the topics presented for research, the problems they raise, the goals to be achieved from the research, and the epistemological positioning of researchers are among the critical factors that dictate the appropriate approach or methodological approaches to conduct their research. This positioning means the implicit philosophical principles upon which any researcher relies and which determine the path he/ she takes to produce scientifically approved knowledge. The method of the researcher's access to the phe

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Ecological and Geographical distribution of species and genera of Primulaceae in Iraq
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The present research deal with ecological and geographical distribution of species and genera of Primulaceae in Iraq. The results were revealed that species distributed in the north , north-east and west of Iraq. Anagallis arvensis L. is the most prevalent species tolerant to different environmental conditions, while the species of Primula L. characterized as less widespread and limited in one District. In addition, the districts Rawanduz (MRO) and Sulaymaniyah (MSU) have ranked first in distribution of the species on geographical districts with (75%), while the districts southern desert (DSD) and Basra (LBA) in last place with (16.7%). Maps for geographical distribution for all species were illustrated.

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