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Automatic Frequency Controller for Power Amplifiers Used in Bio-Implanted Applications: Issues and Challenges
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With the development of communication technologies, the use of wireless systems in biomedical implanted devices has become very useful. Bio-implantable devices are electronic devices which are used for treatment and monitoring brain implants, pacemakers, cochlear implants, retinal implants and so on. The inductive coupling link is used to transmit power and data between the primary and secondary sides of the biomedical implanted system, in which efficient power amplifier is very much needed to ensure the best data transmission rates and low power losses. However, the efficiency of the implanted devices depends on the circuit design, controller, load variation, changes of radio frequency coil’s mutual displacement and coupling coefficients. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on various power amplifier classes and their characteristics, efficiency and controller techniques that have been used in bio-implants. The automatic frequency controller used in biomedical implants such as gate drive switching control, closed loop power control, voltage controlled oscillator, capacitor control and microcontroller frequency control have been explained. Most of these techniques keep the resonance frequency stable in transcutaneous power transfer between the external coil and the coil implanted inside the body. Detailed information including carrier frequency, power efficiency, coils displacement, power consumption, supplied voltage and CMOS chip for the controllers techniques are investigated and summarized in the provided tables. From the rigorous review, it is observed that the existing automatic frequency controller technologies are more or less can capable of performing well in the implant devices; however, the systems are still not up to the mark. Accordingly, current challenges and problems of the typical automatic frequency controller techniques for power amplifiers are illustrated, with a brief suggestions and discussion section concerning the progress of implanted device research in the future. This review will hopefully lead to increasing efforts towards the development of low powered, highly efficient, high data rate and reliable automatic frequency controllers for implanted devices.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Public Health Research & Development
Anticardiolipin Antibodies in Comparison to B-HCG Titer and Serum Progesterone as Indicator for Ectopic Pregnancies
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Publication Date
Wed Oct 07 2020
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The Hadiths That Al-Bazzar Graduated it in His Musnad for it Azzatiha "Graduation and Study"
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     This research was one of the terms that used by Al-Bazzar  in his musnad and this term was  (Al-azza) who launched on some ways and hadiths and I collected those narration, and I have graduated and studied it to access to the meaning which Al-Bazzar want that from this description. In the introduction of the research, I have mention the importance of the subject and the reasons for his selection and also my plan,  a preface where I mentioned the definition of Al-Bazzar and his musnad, then in the first section I defined Al-azza linguistically and idiomatically , the second section I studied the hadiths that Al-Bazzar described them with azza ,and then I conclude it with my results that I have reach

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 06 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Effectiveness of cooperative learning in at the implementation of floral material for celli graph and decoration
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The purpose of this resesrh know (the effectiveness of cooperative lerarning implementation of floral material for calligraphy and ornamentation) To achieve the aim of the research scholar put the two zeros hypotheses: in light of the findings of the present research the researcher concluded a number of conclusions, including: -
1 - Sum strategy helps the learner to be positive in all the information and regulations, monitoring and evaluation during the learning process.
2 - This strategy helps the learner to use information and knowledge and their use in various educational positions, and to achieve better education to increase its ability to develop thinking skills and positive trends towards the article.
In light of this, the

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 21 2009
Journal Name
Arabian Journal Of Geosciences
Mineralogical, geochemical, and geotechnical evaluation of Al-Sowera soil for the building brick industry in Iraq
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Upstream Oil And Gas Technology
Integrated approach for non-Darcy flow in hydraulic fractures considering different fracture geometries and reservoir characteristics
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 28 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Measurement of Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) for 6 MeV in water phantom and homogenous actual planning
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Radiotherapy is the branch of clinical medicine concerned with the application of ionizing radiation in the treatment of disease. And it is used to killing of cancer cells in a tissue using ionizing radiation while keeping the sparing of healthy cells at acceptable level. X-ray beams are used to deposit absorbed dose at depth within a patient at the site of the tumor. The aim of this work is studying the relationship between the depth dose and the field size in water phantom and homogenous actual planning. In our work, the dose distribution at different depths (zero-18 cm) deep at1cm interval treated with field size (10×10 and 20×20) cm2 were studied. Results show that high similarity between water phantom and actual planning for

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 15 2025
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
Searching for Meaning in a Chaotic World: An Analysis of Tina Howe’s Birth and After Birth
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2007
Journal Name
Journal Of Al-nahrain University
STUDY FOR THE GROWTH RATE, VIABILITY AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF LEISHMANIA TROPICA IN DIFFERENT CULTURE MEDIA
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This study included the estimation of growth rate, viability and morphological changes in different culture media (NNN, P-Y, RPMI- 1640, and Panmed). Promastigotes cultured in RPMI-1640 showed maximal growth rate after (2, 4, 6) days of cultivation (27.26 ± 0.05), (172.20 ± 0.1) and (343.81 ± 1.48) million parasites / ml for each day respectively, while P-Y media gave the highest mean of growth rat after (8 and 10) days of cultivation (307.16 ± 1.67) and (303.5 ± 4.96) million parasites / ml for each day respectively. P-Y medium showed the maximal percentage of viability after (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) days of cultivation (99.76 ± 0.5) %, (98.30 ± 0.17) %, (96.1 ± 0.1) %, (92.5 ± 0.52) % and (87.26 ± 0.05) % for each day respectively.

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 22 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Petroleum Exploration And Production Technology
Flow units and rock type for reservoir characterization in carbonate reservoir: case study, south of Iraq
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Abstract<p>The current work is focused on the rock typing and flow unit classification for reservoir characterization in carbonate reservoir, a Yamama Reservoir in south of Iraq (Ratawi Field) has been selected, and the study is depending on the logs and cores data from five wells which penetrate Yamama formation. Yamama Reservoir was divided into twenty flow units and rock types, depending on the Microfacies and Electrofacies Character, the well logs pattern, Porosity–Water saturation relationship, flow zone indicator (FZI) method, capillary pressure analysis, and Porosity–Permeability relationship (R35) and cluster analysis method. Four rock types and groups have been identified in the Yamama formation de</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The The Use of Copper and Aluminum Electrodes for Energy Production in a Microbial Fuel Cell
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Microbial fuel cell is a device that uses the microorganism metabolism for the production of electricity under specific operating conditions. Double chamber microbial fuel cell was tested for the use of two cheap electrode materials copper and aluminum for the production of electricity under different operating conditions. The investigated conditions were concentration of microorganism (yeast) (0.5- 2 g/l), solutions temperature (33-45 oC) and concentration of glucose as a substrate (1.5- 6 g/l). The results demonstrated that copper electrode exhibit good performance while the performance of aluminum is poor. The electricity is generated with and without the addition of substrate. Addition of glucose substrate

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