NiO0.99Cu0.01 films have been deposited using thermal evaporation
technique on glass substrates under vacuum 10-5mbar. The thickness
of the films was 220nm. The as -deposited films were annealed to
different annealing temperatures (373, 423, and 473) K under
vacuum 10-3mbar for 1 h. The structural properties of the films were
examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that no
clear diffraction peaks in the range 2θ= (20-50)o for the as deposited
films. On the other hand, by annealing the films to 423K in vacuum
for 1 h, a weak reflection peak attributable to cubic NiO was
detected. On heating the films at 473K for 1 h, this peak was
observed to be stronger. The most intense peak is at 2θ = 37

Chlorine doped SnS have been prepared utilizing chemical spray pyrolysis. The effects of chlorine concentration on the optical constants were studied. It was seen that the transmittance decreased with doping, while reflectance, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant were increased as the doping percentage increased. The results show also that the skin depth decrease as the chlorine percentage increased which could be assure that it is transmittance related.

The current study is unique in its emphasis on investigating design operation and concept from multiple scientific perspectives: including invention, technique, and design components. This research tends to study the methodology and creation of design process in a holistic manner so that the readers may grasp their characteristics and properties down to its minute epistemological detail. The investigation of the design concept is where the real groundwork and pressing need for the study begin. Creation and methodology are two primary concepts in relation to design these relationships can be formed in any design because of the various forces that act upon it. The primordial objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship betw

Directional control valves are designed to control direction of flow, while actuators maintain required speeds and precise positions. Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is a controllable fluid. Utilizing the MR fluid properties, direct interface between magnetic fields and fluid power is possible, without the need for mechanical moving parts like spools. This study proposes a design of a four-way three-position MR directional control valve, presents a method of building, and explains the working principle of the valve. An analysis of the design and finite elements using finite element method of magnetism (FEMM) software was performed on each valve. The magnetic circuit of the MR valve was analyzed and the performance was simulated. The

The research problem lay in the existing of this direct relation between the increasing and the big variety of the goods and the producing companies which mean the increase of the competition and the directing techniques of the commercial advertisings, which become spread everywhere and in an age characterized with the great varieties in the tests and the stances which requires the designers to seek designing accomplishments that are characterized with creativeness , seriousness and unsallity through the designer depending in constructing his / her texts and his/ her visual items on reference forms metaphors to achieve his / her designing purposes.
So the researcher through her primary flying study seek the identifying the manner of

It is general known that any design in various fields such as the interior design in the field of spaces interior for the public and specific buildings that is concern about the use of humans resident , as well as other considerations relating to the organization of design elements and lines of locomotors activity and the validity of appropriate receiving to provide comfort and achieve the requirements of the position in the space of restaurants field of research.
The researcher choose the title of this study (processors design career in public spaces), the analytical study of the spaces of restaurants, as one of the public spaces that are running in their general environment of people in various strata , ages and other levels , whic

The design of future will still be the most confusing and puzzling issue and misgivings that arouse worry and leading to the spirit of adventures to make progress and arrive at the ways of reviving, creativity and modernism. The idea of prevailing of a certain culture or certain product in design depends on the given and available techniques, due to the fact that the computer and their artistic techniques become very important and vital to reinforce the image in the design. Thus, it is very necessary to link between these techniques and suitable way to reform the mentality by which the design will be reformed, from what has been said, (there has no utilization for the whole modern and available graphic techniques in the design proce

Addresses current research to the subject of metaphor as a field important in the design of industrial product, so it was a problem search: Does industrial product which is designed mainly to reflect the principle of metaphor role in receiving, and how the application of mechanisms theory correct as stipulated in institutions metaphor properly for this orientation in achieving those metaphors. What are the relations of reciprocity that influenced the establishment of the design and construction of the system for industrial product, the objectives of the research were standing on the interactive nature of the relations between the metaphor and the process of industrial product design? And identify strengths and weaknesses in the processes