The variation in wing morphological features was investigated using geometric morphometric technique of the Sand Fly from two Iraqi provinces Babylon and Diyala . We distributed eleven landmarks on the wings of Sand Fly species. By using the centroid size and shape together, all species were clearly distinguished.  It is clear from these results that the wing analysis is an essential method for future geometric morphometry studies to distinguish the species of Sand Flies in Iraq.

Direct determination of trace metals Zn, Mn, Cu and Co were performed in serum
blood samples of two groups diabetic patient type 2 and non diabetes by ICP spectrometric
method. Results show the low levels of these elements Zn, Mn and Co while high level of Cu
detected compared with non diabetes according to these results good evidence can be made to
control these levels through a special diet containing these metals.

In this ˑwork, we present theˑ notion of the ˑgraph for a KU-semigroup as theˑundirected simple graphˑ with the vertices are the elementsˑ of and weˑˑstudy the ˑgraph ofˑ equivalence classesˑofˑ which is determinedˑ by theˑ definition equivalenceˑ relation ofˑ these verticesˑ, andˑ then some related ˑproperties areˑ given. Several examples are presented and some theorems are proved. Byˑ usingˑ the definitionˑ ofˑ isomorphicˑ graph, ˑwe showˑ thatˑ the graphˑ of equivalence ˑclasses ˑand the ˑgraphˑof ˑa KU-semigroup ˑ areˑ theˑ sameˑ, in special cases.

A numerical method is developed for calculation of the wake geometry and aerodynamic forces on two-dimensional airfoil under going an arbitrary unsteady motion in an inviscid incompressible flow (panel method). The method is applied to sudden change in airfoil incidence angle and airfoil oscillations at high reduced frequency. The effect of non-linear wake on the unsteady aerodynamic properties and oscillatory amplitude on wake rollup and aerodynamic forces has been studied. The results of the present method shows good accuracy as compared with flat plate and for unsteady motion with heaving and pitching oscillation the present method also shows good trend with the experimental results taken from published data. The method shows good result

A theoretical and experimental investigation was carried out to study the behavior of a two-phase closed thermosyphon loop (TPCTL) during steady-state operation using different working fluids. Three working fluids were investigated, i.e., distilled water, methanol, and ethanol. The TPCTL was constructed from an evaporator, condenser, and two pipelines (riser and downcomer). The driving force is the difference in pressure between the evaporator and condenser sections and the fluid returns to the heating section by gravity. In this study, the significant parameters used in the experiments were filling ratios (FR%) of 50%, 75%, and 100% and heat-input range at the evaporator section of 215-860.2 W. When the loop reached to

This work represents implementation and investigation of optical coherent communication system between two computers. A single mode optical fiber is selected as transmission medium. The data are sent via the RS-232 standard interface with a bit rate of 9.6 kbps from personal computer (PC1) by line receive to convert the data from electrical levels (-12/+12 V) into TTL level (0/5 V). The modulation of this data was accomplished by internal modulation using laser diode type (HFCT-5208M) 1310 nm wavelength. The optical D-coupler was used to combine the optical signal that come from laser source with optical signal of laser local oscillator (OTS-304XI) at 1310/1550 nm wavelength to obtain coherent (homodyne and heterodyne) detection respective