Notwithstanding the importance of international cooperation as the other facet of international interactions, a strategy of conflict resolution, a maintainer of international peace and security, its provision in the United Nations conventions, as an objective of the United Nations after the international peace and security, however, the recognition of international cooperation has not been underlined by global, intellectual think tanks. While realism emphasized on the state's role in achieving international cooperation to ensure mutual and multilateral interests, liberalism focused on the role of international organizations in building such cooperation. Additionally, constructivist approaches developed other sub-variables to contribute to the success of the state's attempts at international cooperation strategies, such as identity and social construction of the state.As long as there are conflicting interests, various strengths, different capacities, innovative roles in the world order, nations will keep seeking different patterns of bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Additionally, many countries maintain cooperation with various international representatives to ensure that their interests are realized. Thus, different patterns of cooperation divide nations into cooperative nations, those which maintain contact with international organizations and powers, and non-cooperative nations.There are many non-cooperative countries, particularly those that maintain no contact with the United Nations on several issues. Such non-cooperative countries often cite the rejection of unilateral hegemony over the world order, they are in relevant alliances, or the very nature of these countries' roles in conflicts that underpin them regionally or internationally, as in the case of North Korea. Given these varying patterns of cooperation and alliance, the United Nations, the Security Council, the International Atomic Energy Agency (as an authority in North Korea's nuclear crisis, which poses a direct threat to international peace and security), and the other international actors are obliged to take different techniques of negotiation that vary with respect to phases, talks, and tactics.It is worth mentioning that North Korean nuclear program is a threat to international balances on which East Asia's security, regional stability, and the world order rely. Owing to these considerations, this paper examines international cooperation, draws on theoretical backgrounds to define negotiating strategies, and elaborates on the international tactics taken by the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Security Council, the United States of America, Russia, and China to help resolve North Korea's nuclear program.
The importance of Public Relations activity has increased during the last half of the last century as a specialized and modern administrative function in most institutions. It has, moreover, become an integral part of activities of those institutions of various types, due to its pivotal role in building its reputation and drawing a good mental image among its audiences, as well as its influential and basic role in maintaining communication and the communication between its members at its various levels and their job tasks to ensure the greatest amount of understanding and to enhance trust between them. This is why public relations activity has become indispensable in all institutions, and without it, it is difficult to achieve any coordi
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Deontic modality expresses what is necessary or possible according to the norms of morality and laws of community. It is a cover term for those cases where modal auxiliaries used to express notions like ''obligation'', ''prohibition'' and, ''permission''. Deontic modals are basically performatives, having the ''so-be-it'' component of directives in that the speaker directs the behavior of the addressee to get things done. The present study identifies the use of deontic models in international contracts to prove that there are major pragmatic strategies employed in writing them. To achieve the aim of the study, a modified model of Danet’s (1980) and Trosborg’s (1995) in accordance to Searle (1969) is used to analyze 16 texts selected fro
... Show MoreIn the present study, five derivatives have been designed to be synthesized as possible mutual prodrugs for 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to selectively deliver the drugs into the cancer cells. The synthesis of the target compounds were accomplished following multistep reaction procedures, the chemical reaction followed up and the purity of the products were checked by TLC. The structure of the final compounds and their intermediates were confirmed by their melting points, infrared spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, the hydrolysis of compound III was studied using HPLC technique. According to the results mentioned above, compounds (I−V) can be good candidates as possible mutual prod
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Transient drop in the heart beat or transient heart block (AVB) may be consider the main cause of syncope or presyncope inpatients with bifascicular block and syncope According to the Guidelines for cardiac pacing pacemaker consider part of treatment. Aims of our study were to evaluate whether there is role for EPS in patients BFB and to evaluate the symptoms after pacing. 42 patients were enrolled in this study, with mean age value (63.4± 12.2years), suffer from interventricular conductive defect and syncope; patients underwent EPS on admission time, and pacemaker implantation accordingly and programmed follow up for the device in the last four years. Our patients were 25 (59.5%) male and 17 (40.5%)female, all of them with syncope o
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أن للتطرف العنيف أسباب متنوعة تقف وراء ظهوره وتمدده في دول العالم المختلفة على نطاق واسع، إذ إن لكل بيئة ظروفها وخصوصياتها الكلية والفرعية التي تسهم في تعزيز القدرة التأثيرية للسلوكيات العنفية في إطار مجتمع ما، لاسيما إذا علمنا إن التطرف العنيف المؤدي الى الإرهاب كسلوكيات عنفية متطرفة مدمرة للبناء المجتمعي ما كان ليستمر لولا وجود بيئة حاضنة وظروف تساعد في انتشاره واستمرارية قدراته التأثيرية في البناء السي
... Show MoreThe areas surrounding Iraqi international airports generally suffer from a lack of interest in their planning in a manner compatible with the airport with the absence of integrated planning between the airport and the city. From here, the search problem appears. It is represented by a lack of interest in the integration of urban planning and airport planning and the lack of a clear policy to deal with the areas surrounding international airports. A desire to achieve the research aims to introduce compatible uses in the vicinity of airports and review the planning and global directions for dealing with the areas surrounding the airports within urban areas. In contrast, the second aspect of the research aims to assess the
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The research aims to design an electronic program that allows users to assess the possibility of different practices for projects management professional according to the PMBOK methodology)) and using the requirements Data mentioned in the "knowledge and experience in project management Evaluation guide" issued by the professional Institute of project management According to the results of this program will be electronic The possible classification of project management in terms of both (proficiency_ perform tasks) as less than the desired level or within or above average in terms of best practices, and finally a number of recommendations to overcome the possible shortcomings. The most important is the need to enrich the service
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Flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) is one of the instances in flexible manufacturing systems. It is considered as a very complex to control. Hence generating a control system for this problem domain is difficult. FJSP inherits the job-shop scheduling problem characteristics. It has an additional decision level to the sequencing one which allows the operations to be processed on any machine among a set of available machines at a facility. In this article, we present Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm with Harmony Search for solving the flexible job shop scheduling problem. It is based on the new harmony improvised from results obtained by artificial fish swarm algorithm. This improvised solution is sent to comparison to an overall best
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