Inundation floodingmap aimedto find outearly warningsto avoidenvironmental damageandhumanin terms of theheight ofthe wave ofwater, speed time arrival, effects of inundation sideanddepth of the water/ distanceand reduce the impact of the flood wave after obtaining the process of collapse of the dam in the lower part of the river to the dam area. The study has been using a numerical model one-dimensional depends on the development of equations (Saint-Venant) so that parts of the river, any river channel main banks of the right and left treated as separate parts, that’s the difference in the characteristics of the hydraulic and engineering, along the line of the flow will take into account in each section of the sections and flow in the river valley. Throughapplied numerical model of the Nile River in the area between the Roseires dam and Khartoum is distance (630 km) south of Khartoum , to get a jest analysis of the impact of a wave of flooding in the river on the following parameters : the maximum discharge , the maximum of attributed, as underdevelopment of the discharge maximum , and the time defaults to the maximum level and the surface area on the banks of the river and its extension and different values of the coefficient of manning roughness to the banks of the river. Eight scenario have been prepared for the flood wave read to compare the effect amount of water flow in the channel resulting from the collapse of the dam was resulting of Roseires dam , eight scenario to represent the five and extract the resulting values of Inundation map to cities located on the downstream of the dam.Thefive scenarioswerecalculated by using (HEC-RAS 4.1.0), (HEC-GeoRAS)a GIS programs and the flood wave resulting from the collapse of the Roseires dam to compare the results showed that the scenario NO. 5 is the best scenario result from the collapse makes sense due to the form of the disposal of the flood wave resulting from the collapse of the Roseires dam and then get overtopping from Sennar dam to the inability of the reservoir and dam to stop the flood wave. The results also indicate that the time needed to reach the greatest discharge of the flood wave resulting from the collapse of the Roseires dam to the city of Khartoum is ( 4, 6, 7and 9 ) day on the cities ( Roseires , Sennar , Wad Medani and Khartoum ) respectively, of the cases . The maximum height of the flood wave reaching the city of Khartoum has given the scenario NO. 5 by height wave (3-50) meters respectively. As well as the delay in the arrival time of the maximum height of the flood wave to the city of Khartoum is one day for the five scenarios compared to the other. The Inundation map development resulting from the collapse of the Roseires dam and get the flow overtopping the Sennar dam, arrival to Khartoum, was determined the surface area of the affected river and both banks of the depth of the wave and latency along the river has been selected four major cities along the river which Roseires,Sennar, Wad Medani and Khartoum.
In this work, we calculate and analyze the photon emission from quark and anti-quark interaction during annihilation process using simple model depending on phenomenology of quantum chromodynamic theory (QCD). The parameters, which include the running strength coupling, temperature of the system and the critical temperature, carry information regarding photon emission and have a significant impact on the photons yield. The emission of photon from strange interaction with anti-strange is large sensitive to decreases or increases there running strength coupling. The photons emission increases with decreases running strength coupling and vice versa. We introduce the influence of critical temperature on the photon emission rate in order
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In this work, the nano particles of Na-A zeolite were synthesized by sol –gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray luorescence (XRF), Surface area and pore volume, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results show that the nano A zeolite is with average crystal size is 74.77 nm., Si/Al ratio 1.03, BET surface area was 581.211m2/g and the pore volume for NaA was found equal to 0.355cm3/g.
The -multiple mixing ratios of γ-transitions from levels of populated in the are calculated in the present work by using the a2-ratio methods. We used the experimental coefficient (a2) for two γ -transitions from the same initial state, the statistical tensor, which is related to the a2-coefficient would be the same for the two transitions. This method was used in a previous work for pure transitions or which can be considered pure. In these cases the multiple mixing ratios for the second transition ( ) equal zero, but in our work we applied this method for mixed γ-transitions and then the multiple mixing ratio ( ) is known for one transition. Then we calculate the ( ) value and versareversa. The we
... Show MoreFeasibility of biosorbent of England bamboo plant origin was tested for removal of priority metal ions such as Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions in single metal state. Batch single metal state experiments were performed to determine the effect of dosage (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g), pH (3, 4, 4.5, 5 and 6), mixing speed (90, 111, 131, 156 and 170 rpm), temperature (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) and metal ion concentration (10, 50, 70, 90 and 100 mg/L) on the ability of dried biomass to remove metal from solutions which were investigated. Dried powder of bamboo removed (for single metal state) about 74 % Cu and 69% Zn and maximum uptake of Cu and Zn was 7.39 mg/g and 6.96 mg/g respectively, from 100 mg/L of synthetic metal solution in 120 min. of contact t
... Show MoreThree isolated bacteria were examined to remove heavy metals from the industrial wastewater of the Diala State Company of Electrical Industries, Diyala-Iraq. The isolated bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). The three isolates were used as an adsorption factor for different concentrations of Lead and Copper (100, 150, and 200 ppm.), in order to examine the adsorption efficiency of these isolates. In addition, the effect of three factors on heavy metals adsorption were examined; temperature (25, 30, and 37 ?C), pH (3 and 4.5) and contact time (2 and 24 hrs). The results showed that the highest level of lead adsorption was obtained at 37 ?C by E. coli, P, aerugenosa and
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In this work, we calculate and analyze the photon emission from quark and anti-quark interaction during annihilation process using simple model depending on phenomenology of quantum chromodynamic theory (QCD). The parameters, which include the running strength coupling, temperature of the system and the critical temperature, carry information regarding photon emission and have a significant impact on the photons yield. The emission of photon from strange interaction with anti-strange is large sensitive to decreases or increases there running strength coupling. The photons emission increases with decreases running strength coupling and vice versa. We introduce the influence of critical temperature on the photon emission rate in o
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This research utilized natural asphalt (NA) deposits from sulfur springs in western Iraq. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of an asphalt mixture incorporating NA and verify its suitability for local pavement applications. To achieve this, a combination of two types of NA, namely soft SNA and hard HNA, was blended to create a binder known as Type HSNA. The resulting HSNA exhibited a penetration grade that adhered to Iraqi specifications. Various percentages of NA (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) were added to petroleum asphalt. The findings revealed enhanced physical properties of HSNA, which also satisfied the requirements outlined in the Iraqi specifications for asphalt cement.
Consequently, HS
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Sustainability including renewable energy and green power, is one of the important feature in recent years due to environmental constraints and the emission of CO2 from fossil fuel. Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process is considered one of the effective technology for power generation. This study assessed the application of pressure retarded osmosis to produce power from Tigris River water in Baghdad City, Iraq. Spiral wound TFC membrane was tested in the PRO process with different variables. The effect of different types of draw solutions (MgCl2, NaCl, Sodium Formate, KCl, Sodium Acetate), applied pressure (0 – 7 bar), and draw solution concentration (0.08 and 0.4 M) were tested in this work. The flux, recovery, and power density for
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The presence of heavy metals in the environment is major concern due to their toxicity. In the present study a strong acid cation exchange resin, Amberlite IR 120 was used for the removal of lead, zinc and copper from simulated wastewater. The optimum conditions were determined in a batch system of concentration 100 mg/L, pH range between 1 and 8, contact time between 5 and 120 minutes, and amount of adsorbent was from 0.05 to 0.45 g/100 ml. A constant stirring speed, 180 rpm, was chosen during all of the experiments. The optimum conditions were found to be pH of 4 for copper and lead and pH 6 for zinc, contact time of 60 min and 0.35 g of adsorbent. Three different temperatures (25, 40 and 60°C) were selected to investigate the effect
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