The advancements in horizontal drilling combined with hydraulic fracturing have been historically proven as the most viable technologies in the exploitation of unconventional resources (e.g., shale and tight gas reservoirs). However, the number of fractures, well timing, and arrangement pattern can have a significant impact on the project economy. Therefore, such design and operating parameters need to be efficiently optimized for obtaining the best production performance from unconventional gas reservoirs. In this study, the process of selecting the optimal number of fractures was conducted on a section of a tight gas reservoir model (based on data from the Whicher Range (WR) tight gas field in Western Australia). Then, the optimal number of wells per that section was investigated using the net present value (NPV) economic indicator assuming that the production process in all wells starts at the same time (base case). After that, three drilling schedules and patterns namely infill, linear, and hybrid were studied to examine the effect of two timing scenarios known as a fixed point in time and percentage of cumulative production (including the 37.5% EUR (estimated ultimate recovery) and the 62.5% EUR). It was shown that base case and infill drilling have the highest NPV values followed by hybrid and linear patterns in all the timing scenarios. However, the base case and infill drilling scheduling were more sensitive to the development time than hybrid and linear patterns. Additionally, the optimal number of wells per section was found to be a clear function of drilling pattern and lease time. The optimal number of wells (assuming 20 years lease period) was higher in the base case and infill pattern compared to the hybrid and linear pattern. The current study aims to help operators understand how well scheduling and pattern can change the optimal number of wells and thus aid them to reach educated decisions regarding the optimal development plan for the section under the lease. This study can also help operators to develop their management plan by selecting the best drilling pattern and timing to ensure the best return on investment.
In this study, NAC-capped CdTe/CdS/ZnS core/double shell QDs were synthesized in an aqueous medium to investigate their utility in distinguishing normal DNA from mutated DNA extracted from biological samples. Following the interaction between the synthesized QDs with DNA extracted from leukemia cases (represents damaged DNA) and that of healthy donors (represents undamaged DNA), differential fluorescent emission maxima and intensities were observed. It was found that damaged DNA from leukemic cells DNA-QDs conjugates at 585 nm while intact DNA (from healthy subjects) DNA–QDs conjugates at 574 nm. The obtained results from the optical analyses indicate that the prepared QDs could be utilized as probe for detecting disrupted DNA th
... Show MoreThis study analyses six political cartoons selected based on their relevance to current Iraqi political issues, specifically the period between 2005 and 2015, from American online newspapers (calgecartooms.com). The selection criteria included the cartoons' satirical elements, visual rhetoric, and their ability to engage with themes such as power dynamics, social issues, and public opinion. It sheds light on how these cartoons can function as mediators of meanings between the cartoonists and the readers. The data is examined using multimodal discourse analysis (MDA), which combines language study with the analysis of other visual elements, like colors, gestures, and images, to understand meaning (O’Halloran et al., 2011). The Visual Socia
... Show MoreThis research analyses the tweets of Iraqi politicians (leaders) that took place simultaneously with the formation of the Iraqi government after the elections in 2018. The formation of the Iraqi government was considered one of the most critical issues that emerged in the political process to which the Iraqi media as well as social networking sites paid considerable attention. In this regard, Iraqi political leaders have published many tweets concerning the formation of the government, some of them have caused great controversy in the political climate. As Twitter is one of the most digital platforms that have been widely used on the global scale in recent years, politicians have employed it to publish their opinions, ideas, and to excha
... Show MoreIn this article, the lattice Boltzmann method with two relaxation time (TRT) for the D2Q9 model is used to investigate numerical results for 2D flow. The problem is performed to show the dissipation of the kinetic energy rate and its relationship with the enstrophy growth for 2D dipole wall collision. The investigation is carried out for normal collision and oblique incidents at an angle of . We prove the accuracy of moment -based boundary conditions with slip and Navier-Maxwell slip conditions to simulate this flow. These conditions are under the effect of Burnett-order stress conditions that are consistent with the discrete Boltzmann equation. Stable results are found by using this kind of boundary condition where d
... Show MoreAromatic Schiff-bases are known to have antibacterial activity, but most of these compounds are sparingly soluble in water. The present work describes the synthesis of new Schiff-bases derived from branched aminosugars. Treatment of 3-Amino-3-Cyano-3-Deoxy-1,2:5,6-Di-O-Isopropylene-α-D-Allofuranose (1) with the aldehydes (2) under reflux in methanol afforded the Schiff-bases (3) in good yields. The new Schiff-bases were in accord with their NMR, IR spectral data and elemental analysis.
Objectives: This study aims to assess and compare the micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) of a novel resin-modified glass-ionomer luting cement functionalized with a methacrylate co-monomer containing a phosphoric acid group, 30 wt% 2-(methacryloxy) ethyl phosphate (2-MEP), with different substrates (dentin, enamel, zirconia, and base metal alloy). This assessment is conducted in comparison with conventional resin-modified glass ionomer cement and self-adhesive resin cement. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, ninety-six specimens were prepared and categorized into four groups: enamel (A), dentin (B), zirconia (C), and base metal alloys (D). Enamel (E) and dentin (D) specimens were obtained from 30 human maxillary first premolars e
... Show MoreThe present study provides a new insight into valuable information on the diverse structure of the Anisakid population and discusses the limited species richness in the Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch,1791) (Perciformes, Nemiperidae). The fishing area consists of various locations in the Arabian Gulf (29°58 0 33 00 N48°28 0 20 E). A total of 315 marine fish were examined, (n=287) were infected. Larval stages (n= 763) encysted within the mesenteries peritoneum and viscera of fish organs were isolated, with a prevalence of 91.11% of infection and, the intensity was 2.65. Molecular analysis was carried out on thirty individuals who have examined the morphology and showed some appearance differences, by amplifying internal transcribed spacers
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