Films of PMMA and copper sulphate doped PMMA have been prepared by casting method. Absorbance and transmittance spectra were recorded in the wavelength range (300-900) nm in order to calculate, single oscillator energy, dispersion energy, average oscillator strength, the refractive index at infinite wavelength, M-1 and M -3 moments of the optical spectra, it was found that all these parameters were effected by doping.

Most heuristic search method's performances are dependent on parameter choices. These parameter settings govern how new candidate solutions are generated and then applied by the algorithm. They essentially play a key role in determining the quality of the solution obtained and the efficiency of the search. Their fine-tuning techniques are still an on-going research area. Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is a very powerful optimization method and has become popular in many fields. Based on the prolonged research work on DE, it is now arguably one of the most outstanding stochastic optimization algorithms for real-parameter optimization. One reason for its popularity is its widely appreciated property of having only a small number of par

In this paper, an analytical study for the behavior of ionospheric parameters (Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) and Optimum Traffic Frequency (FOT)) has been preformed between transmitter station (Baghdad) and many different receiver stations which are distributed randomly over Iraqi territory. The ionospheric parameters dataset has been made using ICEPAC communication model for annual time for the years 2009-2011 of the solar cycle 24. A simplified ionospheric model has been suggested which based on the correlated relationship between the geographical locations coordinates (longitudes & latitudes) of receiver stations and the dataset of the MUF and FOT parameters. The results of this study showed that the correlation between the ionos

Activity test of the inhibitors purified from barley and broad beans crop proved the inhibition activity against 6 types of rots Pencillium ssp and Aspergellusflavus and Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani and Fusarium semitectum and Mucor with three concentrations 0.1 and 0.2 and 0.3 mg/ml, where the inhibitor purified from the second peak of broad beans proved that it had a higher inhibition activity against the growth of test rots which were 53.75 and 62.5 and 78.5 and 76.25 and 84 and 18.8% respectively, at 0.3 mg/ ml followed by the first peak of the inhibitor purified from broad beans the inhibition activity were 43.75 and 50 and 62.96 and 75 and 80 and 12.5 then the inhibitor purified from barley in which the inhibition activity

Abstract  

Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process is one of non-traditional or advanced finishing methods which is suitable for different materials and produces high quality level of surface finish where it uses magnetic force as a machining pressure. A set of experimental tests was planned according to Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) L27 (3⁶) with three levels and six input parameters. Experimental estimation and optimization of input parameters for MAF process for stainless steel type 316 plate work piece, six input parameters including amplitude of tooth pole, and number of cycle between teeth, current, cutting speed, working gap, and finishing time, were performed by design of experiment

Background: Extracorporeal Shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is widely used in treating patients with ureteralstones because it is effective, safe, and noninvasive. Based on factors such as size and the location of stones,there is a significant variation in the overall stone-free rate (SFR).Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of ureteral wall thickness (UWT), stone attenuation, the time fromfirst attack of pain till first session of ESWL and stone/ rib density on the outcome of SWL in the treatmentof upper ureteral stones (UUS).Patient and methods: A prospective study when 127 patients with radio-opaque UUS ranging from 7 to 20mm and treated by ESWL were included in this study. The effect of (stone/ 12th rib) density by KUB, ureter

This research studies the effect of addition of some nanoparticles
(MgO, CuO) and grain size (30,40nm) on some physical properties
(impact strength, hardness and thermal conductivity) for a matrix
blend of epoxy resin with SBR rubber. Hand –Lay up method was
used to prepare the samples. All samples were immersed in water for
9 weeks.
The Results showed decreased in the values of impact strength and
hardness but increased the coefficient of thermal conductivity.

    In this research we prepared PbS thin films with vacuum thermo evaporation process and  chemical spray pyrolysis.         Structure properties were studied for PbS thin films through (XRD) measurement. PbS thin films growth appear as Polycrystalline cubic and sharp peak with directional (200) then  calculated   Lattice constant (a) and the values are (5.9358)Ã… for (PbS) films prepared by thermo evaporation , (2.978-5.969 Ã…) for films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis at temperature degree   (553K , 573K)  sequence .Then it was found that the grain size for (PbS) thin films prepared by thermo evaporation is (335.81)Ã… while the grai

Background: Several infectious lung diseases often develop in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially during immunosuppressive medication, including disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The present study aimed to determine the role of respiratory tract bacterial infection in RA activity. Methods: Blood and sputum samples were collected from 31 patients with RA and 12 healthy subjects as control. The bacterial isolates were isolated and identified in collected sputum by biochemical tests and Vitec 2 system. Results: In the present study, thirty-one patients with RA were compared with 12 healthy subjects. Eight patients with RA were not infected with pathogenic bacteria (RA-NIPB) (25.8%). Twenty-three RA patients wer