Colonialism radically transformed the cultures of colonized peoples, often rupturing Indigenous traditions and folklore. Whether creating colonial discourse, promoting orientalist literature, advocating western educational institutions, or through biased media representations, imperial powers systematically oppressed Indigenous and Native peoples. Subjugated communities, however, created, and still form postcolonial discourse from their knowledge systems. This discourse insists on Indigenous and Native culture as central to Indigenous and Native peoples identity. This study examines the postcolonial literature of three groups: Kānaka Maoli, African Americans, and Iraqis. The scope of this dissertation scrutinizes how folklore is employed as resistance in the postcolonial literature of Kānaka Maoli, African Americans, and Iraqis. Folklore as Resistance in Postcolonial Narratives and Cultural Practices: Hawaiian, African American, and Iraqi focuses on the centrality of folklore and cultural histories in the literature of these three groups. Kānaka Maoli emphasize the mo’olelo (hi/story) in their literature. Moʻolelo acts not only as a means to pass down hi/story and culturally significant stories from generation to generation (a genealogy) but also as a mode of resistance to hegemonic and imperial powers. Moʻolelo are not merely legends or myths; instead, they represent ancestral knowledge and connection to Kānaka history. Kānaka Maoli claim and revive ancestral moʻolelo in their literature and cultural performance to illuminate their relationship to place, ʻāina, and their country, the Hawaiian Kingdom. In this work, Dhiffaf al-Shwillay suggests that there are similar tendencies in the literature of Kānaka Maoli, African American, and Iraqis. The folklore and literature of these groups signify the histories of oppression and/or colonization and its aftermath. Al-Shwillay finds that Kānaka Maoli, African American, and Iraqi folklore in literature can be read as resistance to orientalism, oppression, and stereotyping. Following the trajectory of the historical and cultural context for the literary productions of these three communities, she offers analysis and reading of Sage Takehiro, Dana Naone Hall, Haunani-Kay Trask, Brandy Nālani McDougall, Zora Neale Hurston, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, and Selim Matar. This dissertation concludes by emphasizing the dynamic political and cultural value of moʻolelo and folklore in postcolonial narratives. Al-Shwillay asserts that literature that draws upon folklore and cultural histories transmits evidence of oppressive powers and, crucially, resistance. In this mode of examination of postcolonial literature, al-Shwillay asserts that folklore records the resistance of peoples through their literary production. Folklore carries the knowledge of ancestors, cultural, and history.
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This study involved preparation of Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using Hummer method and chemical method respectively. These carbon nanomaterials were used as starting material to make novel functionalize with thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) which was prepared by reacting CS2 with hydrazine to form GO or RGO- 4-amino,5-substituted 1H,1,2,4 Triazole 5(4H) thion (ASTT) ,(GOT) and( RGOT) respectively via cyclocondensation reaction. Also MnO2 nanorod was prepared to form hybridized with GOT and RGOT. A commercial multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and functionalization with carboxylic groups' (f-MWCNT) and its nanocomposite with GOT were also prepared. All carbon nanomaterials were characterized with different techniques such as
... Show MoreProbiotics are live microbes that give many health benefits to human beings and animals, the most studied and commonly used probiotics are Gram-positive bacteria; lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. At nowadays, Lactobacillus spp. constitute more than two-thirds of the total numbers of probiotic species. The present study aimed to characterize Lactobacillus that locally isolated from human mouth and feces as probiotics. A total of three Lactobacillus isolates; Lactobacillus fermentum Lb2, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lb9, and Lactobacillus paracasei Lb10 were investigated in respect to acid and bile salts tolerance, antibiotics susceptibility, and cell surface hydrophobicity in vitro using bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons method. In compa
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One of the important goals in the learning process is to be effective learning through the self-direction of the learner , because it has an impact on the effort of learners , it is better to be a learner responsible for learning and independent of the acquisition of knowledge ,
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... Show MoreFive species of Lactic acid bacteriawere isolated from raw milk, yoghurt, vegetables and pickles, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus bulgaricus isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene. Evaluate of antimicrobial activity against all the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. It showed that bacteriocin of Lactic acid bacteriamore effective than supernatant of lactic acid bacteria, the results showed that isolatemost efficient isolate belonging to Lactobacillus brevis, the diameter of the inhibition of the bacteriocin of Lactobacillus brevis were 27.7, 26.3 and 25.1
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This study aims to formulate azithromycin oleogel to locally treat skin infections such as acne vulgaris and skin wound infection. Providing a form of azithromycin that can be administered topically is highly desired to prevent unwanted systemic complications including diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. Additionally, it will avoid first pass metabolism, improves patient acceptance, provides an alternative in nauseated patients, decreases the dose by direct contact with the pathological site, and provides a noninvasive and convenient mode of administration. Furthermore, for treating wound infections, the gel will act as a scaffold biomaterial for wound closure besides its antibacterial effect. Herein, we propose the use of grapeseed oil-b
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Breast cancer is among the primary causes of death among Iraqi women and is a serious worldwide health concern. ALK or anaplastic lymphoma kinase, is connected to several cancers, including breast cancer.. The goal of this research was to assess the prevalence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) with Alkaline phosphatise (ALP) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) together as diagnostic markers. The study comprised 60 patients with metastatic breast cancer and 60 healthy volunteers. The blood levels of the enzymes (ALP), (LDH), and ALK in Iraqi breast cancer patients are compared to those of healthy controls. It was shown that compared to healthy people, patients had breast cancer noticeably greater levels of ALK, ALP, and NDH .These biomarkers m
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The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizae (Glomus etunicatum, G. leptotichum and Rhizophagus intraradices) on the development of fusarium wilt disease in tomato plants in the presence and absence of organic matter (peatmoss). Results indicated an increase in mycorrhizal root dry weight especially in the presence of the organic matter, on the other hand this parameter was significantly decreased when Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersiciwas added simultaneously with the mycorrhiza, Moreover, mycorrhiza and organic matter significantly reduced the damping off seedling disease, disease severity and rate of infection of tomato leaves and roots caused by the pathogenic fungus, These
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