In the current study, CuAl0.7In0.3Te2 thin films with 400 nm thickness were deposited on glass substrates using thermal evaporation technique. The films were annealed at various annealing temperatures of (473,573,673 and 773) K. Furthermore, the films were characterized by X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Ultra violet-visible (UV–vis). XRD patterns confirm that the films exhibit chalcopyrite structure and the predominant diffraction peak is oriented at (112). The grain size and surface roughness of the annealed films have been reported. Optical properties for the synthesized films including, absorbance, transmittance, dielectric constant, and refractive index were inspected at room and annealing temperatures. Results indicate that In-substituted films exhibit high optical absorbance in the visible region of electromagnetic wave. At 425 nm, the absorbance spectrum for the as-deposited film is increased by ≈ 36% for the In-doped film. Our analyzed results manifest that the annealed CuAlTe2 and CuAl0.7In0.3Te2 films possess direct optical band gap energies positioning in the range of 2.3–2.05 eV and 2.28–1.85 eV, respectively. Furthermore, it can be observed that annealing can enhance the optical performance of both pure and In-doped films. The obtained results are important to gain insight into the Cu–Al–In–Te compounds to be utilized in optoelectronic applications.
The present work studies the mechanical properties of SiO2 μPs, and NPs in St/PVA blends. The samples were prepared by casting method as PVA, St/PVA blends at different concentrations (30, 40, 50, and 60 %). DSC and TGA tests were carried out to the samples evolved. The result showed a single glass transition temperature (Tg) for all St /PVA blends that was attributed to the good miscibility of the blends involved. It was found that (Tg) decrease with starch ratio increase. It was seen that (PVA) of (Tg=105 oC); The glass transition temperature which was decrease with starch ratio that was attributed to glass transition relaxation process due to micro-Brownian motion of the main chain back bond. The endothermic peak at 200 oC was attrib
... Show MoreGlucoamylase from black Aspergillus niger isolate was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and sephadex G 200 filtration. A trial for the purification of glucoamylase resulted in an enzyme with a specific activity of 6472 unit/mg protein with 10 times fold. The main goal of the present work was to test this enzyme in hydrolyzing the raw starch. Two substrates were used: corn starch and potato starch 2% (w/v). The effect of enzyme dosage and thermal processing of substrate on kinetics and efficiency of hydrolysis were studied. The results suggested that the glucoamylase activity is increased as the increase of enzyme concentration and the enzyme was sufficiently effective in hydrolyzing tested raw starch, and thermal modification of
... Show MoreReservoir simulation models are utilized by oil and gas companies with a purpose to develop fields. Expansions and improvements in simulation software have lessened the time to develop a model. Simulating the reservoir aims to realize fluid flow, physical, and chemical procedures happening in a hydrocarbon reservoir adequately well for the reason of improving hydrocarbon recovery under various working stipulations. Grid-orientation effects are complicated problem in numerical reservoir simulation. These influences were coming when utilized of numerical utilization mechanism to conditions characterizing physically inconstant displacement procedure. These impacts happen in an assortment
In this research is to study the influence of the aging heat treatment on the pitting corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steel (MSS), where a number of specimens from martensitic stainless steel were subjected to solution treatment at 1100 oC for one hour followed by water quenching then aging in the temperatures range (500-750) oC for different holding times (1,5,10,15&20) hr. Accelerated chemical corrosion test and immersion chemical corrosion test were performed on samples after heat treatment. The results of the research showed that the pitting corrosion resistance is significantly affected by the aging temperature. Where found that the aging samples at a temperature of 500 °C have the highest ra
... Show MoreLet S be a commutative ring with identity, and A is an S-module. This paper introduced an important concept, namely strongly maximal submodule. Some properties and many results were proved as well as the behavior of that concept with its localization was studied and shown.
Tests were performed on asphalt concrete specimens with (101.6 mm in diameter and 101.6 mm in height), and the results were implemented for calculating permanent deformation and resilient modulus under repeated compressive stress with different levels of stresses (0.068, 0.138 and 0.206) MPa at 40 ºC. Two types of additives namely (carbon black-asphalt) and (SBR-asphalt) were tried as rejuvenators with three percentages of (0.5, 1 and 1.5) % by weight of asphalt cement along with two ratios of AC (1 and 2) % have been implemented as rejuvenator and blended with the reclaimed asphalt concrete. Aged materials were obtained from the site. 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement material from the reclaimed mixture is implemented. A
... Show MoreBackground: Various abnormalities in myocardial repolarization assessed by QT variability index (QTVI) in diabetics are associated with high risk to ventricular arrhythmia. The increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality appears to relate to the synergism of hyperglycemia with dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity in addition to disturbed myocardial repolarization.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to estimate and evaluate an index of myocardial repolarization instability (QTVI) in patients with DM on insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs in comparison with healthy individuals.
Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on fifty six (56), middle-aged patients with DM of either sex in addition to age-matched healt
The ratio of draft tube to reactor diameters is of decisive importance for the operation behavior of air lift loop reactors. The influence of draft tube geometry was investigated with respect to oxygen mass transfer and mixing time. The diameter ratio was varied between 0.33 and 0.80. The measurements were performed in two loop reactors with liquid capacities of 11.775 and 26.49 liters using aqueous with solutions of different coalescence behavior. The results show that there is no single diameter ratio which would produce most favorable conditions for the two process parameters. With respect to the more important requirements of aerobic cultures, i.e high oxygen mass transfer and efficient mixing, a diameter ratio between 0.5 and 0.6 is
... Show MoreThis research aims to study the effect of different pH values on the growth of CdTe nanoparticles during specific times. The reflux method has been used as a method for preparing CdTe quantum dots. A difference in absorbance and intensities of peaks at pH 10.5 and 11.5 was observed during the reaction period. The growth rate of the NPs (nucleation) was irregular at low pH values. Optical examinations showed that the best growth rate of NPs was at pH value 12.