The educational service industry is one of the most negatively affected industries by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Government agencies have taken many measures to slow its spread, and then restrict movement and gatherings and stop recreational activities. Furthermore, the repercussions of the curfew had a significant impact due to the interruption in actual attendance for students and employees, and the severity of the Covid-19 crisis and its (economic, social, security, humanitarian and behavioral) effects on all societies and work sectors is no secret to anyone. Iraq, like other countries, was also affected by the negative impact of Covid-19 pandemic in all fields of institutional work, especially public fields, and specifically the field of education, given that It is based on the necessity for the administration to maintain the continuity of workers’ commitment to perform their duties, which raised the possibility of them being exposed to greater levels of pressure and workload due to the requirements to adhere to the new work procedures as specified by the crisis cell, such as full curfew and social distancing measures to preserve health, and since workers represent the lifeline of any an organization, managing and dealing with them was considered to be highly important because despite the lack of material and financial resources in business, employees remain one of the key assets that administrations of organizations must take care of and ensure the quality of their practical life and careers, not only during crises but at all times, by striving to satisfy them in order to maintain their organizational loyalty. These changes in work methods and procedures have likely had an impact on the performance and commitment of employees. Therefore, employee satisfaction has become one of the important topics that need examination and testing in light of crises in general and the COVID-19 crisis in particular. The global health crisis forced institutions to expedite the formulation of plans and a response strategy with little guidance as a result of the unprecedented nature of the epidemic, and then there was an impact on the predetermined factors that might have affected the satisfaction of employees in various institutions, especially service institutions whose work required them to continue providing services and complete work. In addition, the previously less relevant factors have become prevalent due to the nature of the pandemic; for example, the topics of job insecurity, unemployment and health risks have been identified as the most serious consequences of the epidemic globally. This research came to examine the level of job satisfaction of employees working in the educational institution (the University of Baghdad as a model) and its relationship to the degree of their organizational loyalty in light of the COVID 19 pandemic based on the knowledge generated by reviewing the literature that was used to identify the key factors that affect employee’s satisfaction and hence the degree of loyalty to his\her organization, and the foundational idea that employee’s satisfaction affects the overall performance level of the organization is based on several factors, including the degree of employee loyalty and devotion to work, thus, maintaining an adequate level of job satisfaction for employees is one of the key factors in maintaining effective organizational performance for any organization. In light of the changes that took place in the methods and procedures of institutional work in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, it became important to unveil the positive and negative factors that affected the job satisfaction of employees and then their organizational loyalty to achieve further organizational progress and improvement and then improve the overall performance of the organization. thus came this research to focus on analyzing the relationship between employee satisfaction and organizational loyalty during the COVID-19 pandemic, and for that reason, we developed questionnaires to identify job satisfaction and organizational loyalty at the job level for employees of the educational institution, the University of Baghdad (Colleges of Education for Girls and Science for Girls) in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included (279) employees from the Colleges of Education for Girls and the College of Science for Girls, with a rate of (135) (144) employees, respectively. Employee satisfaction was considered an independent variable, and organizational loyalty was considered a dependent variable. Reliability tests, correlation analysis and regression were conducted to prove the research hypotheses, and the results of the research showed that satisfied employees tend to be more loyal and devoted to the organization and contribute positively to improving organizational performance. Furthermore, at the time of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, employees in the field of educational services at the University of Baghdad.
Abstract
This study cares for the economic living conditions in Mosul City. Its importance lies in the critical period that has been covered
(2002-2007), which was dominated by far–reaching events at political economic and social levels. Among the main results that have been revealed are the following: the rate of economic growth in the City has been the lowest among major urban centers in Iraq. Besides, real income per capita in the City has stayed stagnant during the period of the study. However, the inequality in distribution of income has decreased. The main bulk of the city's population rely on their income from wages and salari
Ensuring reliable data transmission in Network on Chip (NoC) is one of the most challenging tasks, especially in noisy environments. As crosstalk, interference, and radiation were increased with manufacturers' increasing tendency to reduce the area, increase the frequencies, and reduce the voltages. So many Error Control Codes (ECC) were proposed with different error detection and correction capacities and various degrees of complexity. Code with Crosstalk Avoidance and Error Correction (CCAEC) for network-on-chip interconnects uses simple parity check bits as the main technique to get high error correction capacity. Per this work, this coding scheme corrects up to 12 random errors, representing a high correction capac
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Factory is trotting home favorite of of Aeidid of Iraqi families since he Amta imparted to the taste of the housewife on the method of processing and preparation and the possibility of using some of the ingredients to raise the nutritional value of meat, sesame and other, but how keep Bz'zajh this product Atne storage
There is an evidence that channel estimation in communication systems plays a crucial issue in recovering the transmitted data. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest to solve problems due to channel estimation and equalization especially when the channel impulse response is fast time varying Rician fading distribution that means channel impulse response change rapidly. Therefore, there must be an optimal channel estimation and equalization to recover transmitted data. However. this paper attempt to compare epsilon normalized least mean square (ε-NLMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms by computing their performance ability to track multiple fast time varying Rician fading channel with different values of Doppler
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In this research, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) technique was applied in an attempt to predict the water levels and some of the water quality parameters at Tigris River in Wasit Government for five different sites. These predictions are useful in the planning, management, evaluation of the water resources in the area. Spatial data along a river system or area at different locations in a catchment area usually have missing measurements, hence an accurate prediction. model to fill these missing values is essential.
The selected sites for water quality data prediction were Sewera, Numania , Kut u/s, Kut d/s, Garaf observation sites. In these five sites models were built for prediction of the water level and water quality parameters.
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In this ˑwork, we present theˑ notion of the ˑgraph for a KU-semigroup as theˑundirected simple graphˑ with the vertices are the elementsˑ of and weˑˑstudy the ˑgraph ofˑ equivalence classesˑofˑ which is determinedˑ by theˑ definition equivalenceˑ relation ofˑ these verticesˑ, andˑ then some related ˑproperties areˑ given. Several examples are presented and some theorems are proved. Byˑ usingˑ the definitionˑ ofˑ isomorphicˑ graph, ˑwe showˑ thatˑ the graphˑ of equivalence ˑclasses ˑand the ˑgraphˑof ˑa KU-semigroup ˑ areˑ theˑ sameˑ, in special cases.
The current study aimed to examine the histomorphological features of the oral salivary ducts and the peacock tongue (Pavo cristatus) of this species. In this study, eight healthy adult peacocks were used after collecting them from a commercial market in Baghdad to investigate and describe the tongue in these bird species. After being euthanized, they were killed by cutting off the major neck blood vessels and bleeding until death; the tongue was identified. The tongue was the sharp end, elongated, somewhat triangular, and measured 8.2 mm. The apex, trunk, and base are its three sections. There are 4 to 5 layers of big conical papillae on the area where the root and body converge. Without gustatory papillae, the dense keratinized ep
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The present study dealt with taxonomic characters of species Zygophyllum fabago L. in Iraq . this study included the exo-morphological characters which indicated that the species was sub-shrub with solid stem and swallow nodes ,with compound bifoliate and stipulate leaves, the flower is complete and perfect with clawed petals . stamen colored with scaly appendage , fruit capsule with ribs . Anatomical study of vegetative parts indicate that the sclerenchymal tissue was very diffuse in stem such as fibers and sclerides ( stone cells ) , the leaves were bifacial . The geographical distiribution of the species plants was studied . The results supported with photographs