Chemotherapy is one of the most efficient methods for treating cancer patients. Chemotherapy aims to eliminate cancer cells as thoroughly as possible. Delivering medications to patients’ bodies through various methods, either oral or intravenous is part of the chemotherapy process. Different cell-kill hypotheses take into account the interactions of the expansion of the tumor volume, external drugs, and the rate of their eradication. For the control of drug usage and tumor volume, a model based smooth super-twisting control (MBSSTC) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, three nonlinear cell-kill mathematical models are considered in this work, including the log-kill, Norton-Simon, and hypotheses subject to parametric uncertainties and exogenous perturbations. In accordance with clinical recommendations, the tumor volume follows a predefined trajectory after chemotherapy. Secondly, the MBSSTC is applied for the three cell-kill models to attain accurate trajectory tracking even in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. Compared to conventional super-twisting control (STC), the non-smooth term is introduced in the proposed control to enhance the anti-disturbance capability. Finally, simulation comparisons are performed across the proposed MBSSTC, conventional STC, and proportional–integral (PI) control methods to show the effectiveness and merits of our designed control method.
The Al Mishraq site has been the subject of many scientific studies for the period before and
after the fire in 2003. Five visits to the site were conducted twice in 2003 for general fact-finding, twice
in 2004, and once in 2005 for detailed sampling and monitoring. Desk-based research and laboratory analysis of soil and water samples results indicate that surface water and groundwater pollution from Al Mishraq site was significant at the time of its operation. The primary pollution source was the superheated water injection process, while the principal receptor is the River Tigris. Now that the plant is idle, this source is absent. Following the June 2003 sulphur fire, initial investigations indicate that short damage to
vegeta
ackground An autoimmune and inflammatory illness called rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks normal cells in your body. Interleukin-35 is a brand-new cytokine that belongs to the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory IL-12 family. β -herpesvirus that produces inflammation and stays dormant in its host for life is the human cytomegalovirus. Human herpesvirus (HCMV) has been at the core of several RA-related theories. Objective The current study looked at the association between RA and serum IL-35 levels as well as the association between RA and CMV. Patients and methods Blood samples were taken in the Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Typical Rheumatology Unit from January 2022 to Mars 2022 for the curre
... Show MoreBack ground: Spectral analyses of solutions have long been applied to various body fluids for the purpose of clinical study as well as research .Human saliva can be easily obtained by non invasive .In this study typical spectra (for UV and IR) of saliva of oral cancer Squamous cell carcinoma patients were determined under average conditions and evaluated in relation to the spectra of normal specimens. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients of oral cancer Squamous cell carcinoma and seventeen age matched healthy subject were included in this study .Chewing - Stimulated Saliva was collected in plastic test tube and stored at -20° C. Bach of saliva samples were used for UV and IR measurements. Results: Many differences between the IR spect
... Show MoreResearch covers the uses the method of Quality Rating Evaluation to evaluate the
quality of production through which a determination of product quality of its production in
order to determine the amount of sales hence the profits for the company. The most important
function is to satisfy consumer at reasonable prices. Methods were applied to the product
(toothpaste) in the General Company for Vegetable Oil – Almaamoon Factory .
The company's has obtained ISO-certified (ISO 9001-2008). Random samples of
final product intended for sale were collected from the store during months (February, April ,
June , October and December) for the year 2011 to determine the "quality rating " through
the applicat
The main objective of this paper is to develop and validate flow injection method, a precise, accurate, simple, economic, low cost and specific turbidimetric method for the quantitative determination of mebeverine hydrochloride (MbH) in pharmaceutical preparations. A homemade NAG Dual & Solo (0-180º) analyser which contains two identical detections units (cell 1 and 2) was applied for turbidity measurements. The developed method was optimized for different chemical and physical parameters such as perception reagent concentrations, aqueous salts solutions, flow rate, the intensity of the sources light, sample volume, mixing coil and purge time. The correlation coefficients (r) of the developed method were 0.9980 and 0.9986 for cell
... Show MoreLead-acid batteries have been used increasingly in recent years in solar power systems, especially in homes and small businesses, due to their cheapness and advanced development in manufacturing them. However, these batteries have low voltages and low capacities, to increase voltage and capacities, they need to be connected in series and parallel. Whether they are connected in series or parallel, their voltages and capacities must be equal otherwise the quality of service will be degraded. The fact that these different voltages are inherent in their manufacturing, but these unbalanced voltages can be controlled. Using a switched capacitor is a method that was used in many methods for balancing voltages, but their respons
... Show MoreThis paper addresses the use of adaptive sliding mode control for the servo actuator system with friction. The adaptive sliding mode control has several advantages over traditional sliding mode control method. Firstly, the magnitude of control effort is reduced to the minimal admissible level defined by the conditions for the sliding mode to exist. Secondly, the upper bounds of uncertainties are not required to be known in advance. Therefore, adaptive sliding mode control method can be effectively implemented. The numerical simulation via MATLAB 2014a for servo actuator system with friction is investigated to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed robust adaptive sliding mode control scheme. The results clarify, after
... Show MoreThe main objective of controlling companies Concentration is to prevent their potential anti-competitive effects on the competitive structure of the relevant market, in order to protect freedom of competition in it. In this context, it is necessary to verify that these operations do not impede effective competition or reduce it significantly by making it less than it was before, it is necessary to Anticipate all the effects In order to achieve the goal of controlling on it and revealing their potential restrictive effects. So there must be Auditing Norms that enable the authorities entrusted with the protection of competition and the prevention of monopolistic practices to evaluate these effects and determine their positive and negative as
... Show MoreA reduced-order extended state observer (RESO) based a continuous sliding mode control (SMC) is proposed in this paper for the tracking problem of high order Brunovsky systems with the existence of external perturbations and system uncertainties. For this purpose, a composite control is constituted by two consecutive steps. First, the reduced-order ESO (RESO) technique is designed to estimate unknown system states and total disturbance without estimating an available state. Second, the continuous SMC law is designed based on the estimations supplied by the RESO estimator in order to govern the nominal system part. More importantly, the robustness performance is well achieved by compensating not only the lumped disturbance, but also its esti
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