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Emissions Investigating of Carbon Dioxide Generated by the Iraqi Cement Industry
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Abstract<p>The most used material in the world after water is concrete, which depends mainly on its manufacture of cement leading to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), flying dust, and other greenhouse gasses (GHGs) resulting in pollution of the atmosphere. The emission of CO<sub>2</sub> from cement production is approximately 5% of the global anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>. This research focuses on investigating the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emission from the Iraqi General Cement Company plants includes the cement factories of Kirkuk, Al-Qa’em, Fallujah, and Kubaisa, using the GHGs Protocol Measures Program (specifically cement based-method). The data required for cement production was provided by the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Minerals throughout 25 years. The results showed that the largest amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions cumulatively over 25 years was from the Kubaisa plant with an average emission amount of approximately 7,613,605 tons/25 years. While the lowest cumulative amount of emission was by Fallujah cement plant represented by about 868,341 tons/25 years. On the other hand, the highest and lowest production amount was from Kubaisa and Fallujah plants at 105% and 0.6% in 1989 and 2008 respectively relative to the design capacity. Shifting to renewable and clean energies that limit the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emitted to the atmosphere is highly recommended, although this requires facing problematic challenges.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 06 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Laser Effect on Fatique Resistance of Carbon Steel
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Laser beam has been widely used to improve the mechanical properties of the metals. It used for cutting, drilling, hardening, welding……etc. The use of Laser beam has many features in accuracy and speeding in work, also in the treatment of metals locally, and in the places that is hard to reach by traditional ways. In this research a surface treatment was done to medium carbon steel (0.4%C) which is common kind of steel that is used in industry. Pulsing Neodymium -YAG Laser has been used and 1.06 micrometer wave length and 5 msec and the distance is about 30 centimeter between the exit area of the Laser beam from the system and the piece that treated . We are going to check the fatigue resistance for samples that is

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 08 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of National Standards for Exposure to Chemical Materials and Dusts in the State Company for Drugs Industry in Samarra
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Objective: Evaluation the national standards for exposure to chemical materials and dusts in The State
Company for Drugs Industry in Samarra.
Methodology: A descriptive evaluation design is employed through the present study from 25th May 2011
to 30th November 2011 in order to evaluate the national standards for exposure chemical materials and dusts
in The State Company for Drugs Industry in Samarra. A purposive (non-probability) sample is selected for the
study which includes (110) workers from the State Company for Drugs Industry in Samarra. Data were
gathered through the workers` interviewed according to the nature of work that they perform. The evaluation
questionnaire comprised of three parts which include the w

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 14 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Information Technology &amp; Decision Making
A Decision Modeling Approach for Data Acquisition Systems of the Vehicle Industry Based on Interval-Valued Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Set
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Modeling data acquisition systems (DASs) can support the vehicle industry in the development and design of sophisticated driver assistance systems. Modeling DASs on the basis of multiple criteria is considered as a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Although literature reviews have provided models for DASs, the issue of imprecise, unclear, and ambiguous information remains unresolved. Compared with existing MCDM methods, the robustness of the fuzzy decision by opinion score method II (FDOSM II) and fuzzy weighted with zero inconsistency II (FWZIC II) is demonstrated for modeling the DASs. However, these methods are implemented in an intuitionistic fuzzy set environment that restricts the ability of experts to provide mem

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Thickening Time and Compressive Strength Correlations for Bentonitic- Class "G" Cement Slurries
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Empirical equations for estimating thickening time and compressive strength of bentonitic - class "G" cement slurries were derived as a function of water to cement ratio and apparent viscosity (for any ratios). How the presence of such an equations easily extract the thickening time and compressive strength values of the oil field saves time without reference to the untreated control laboratory tests such as pressurized consistometer for thickening time test and Hydraulic Cement Mortars including water bath ( 24 hours ) for compressive strength test those may have more than one day.

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 17 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Occupational dental wear among El-Kubasis cement factory workers - An observational study
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Background: Loss of tooth structure may be due to tooth to tooth contact and presence of abrasive components in the work environment. The aim of study was planned to evaluate the occurrence of dental attrition among Cement factory workers. Material and Method: The Sample included all workers chronically exposed to cement dust in the EL-Kubaisa cement factory (95 workers). A comparative group of workers (97) were non-exposed to cement dust was selected. All workers were males in gender with age range (25-55) years. The assessment of tooth wear was based on the criteria of smith and knight, 1984. Results: The maximum tooth wear score for exposed workers was 84.2% while non exposed workers was 38.1%,with statistical differences between two g

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 16 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
Scenography Features in the Iraqi Contemporary Theatre Show (Macbeth Play, by Salah Al-Qasab- A Model)
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Societies developed throughout history with the development of life technology, that ideas presented by the contemporary art have been crystallized. The development included all the artistic fields such as the dramatic arts which depend on many effects and elements that led to the completion of the structure of the theater show. Scenography is considered one of the most important elements that the theatre show depends on such as the decoration, lighting, sound effects, costumes and accessories. The research addressed the following question: what are the characteristics and traits of scenography in the theatre show?
The research importance has become clear because it sheds lights on the characteristics of scenography in the Iraqi thea

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2024
Journal Name
Latin American Journal Of Pharmacy
The protective effect of iraqi Juniperus oxycedrus plant on acute kidney injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice model
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Inflammatory control is essential to diminish injury and make renal injury treatment simpler. Proposed therapeutics have primarily targeted pro-inflammatory variables. Juniperus oxycedrus was frequently used to treat a variety of infectious disorders, hyperglycemia, obesity, TB, bronchitis, inflammation, and pneumonia. Juniperus oxycedrus twigs and leaves were defatted with n-hexane using Soxhlet apparatus then the residue of plant material dried and re-extracted sequentially by two different solvents Ethylacetate and methanol. The pro-inflammatory markers IL-1 and iNOS, as well as the potential kidney biomarker KIM-1, TNF-α, and transcription factor NF-KB were measured using the RealTime Quantitative qPCR method. The results showed that J

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Publication Date
Mon May 08 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Seminal Fluid Analysis in Iraqi Fertile and Infertile Males Defined by the World Health Organization Criteria of 2010
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A total of 116 males with primary infertility and 32 fertile males (normozoospermia;
NOR) were studied to evaluate parameters of seminal fluid analysis. Based on WHO criteria
of 2010 for general seminal fluid analysis, the patients were distributed into three groups: 32
azoospermic (AZO), 40 oligozoospermic (OLI) and 44 asthenozoospermic (AST) patients.
AZO and OLI patients and NOR shared an approximated mean of seminal fluid volume (2.25,
2.75 and 2.50 ml, respectively), while it was significantly increased (3.58 ml) in AST patients.
In NOR men, the spermatozoa concentration was 65.13 x 10
6
spermatozoa/ml, while it was
significantly decreased in AST (51.42 x 10
6
spermatozoa/ml) and OLI (5.58 x 10

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmacy And Technology
The Lived Experience of Iraqi Nurses who Live and Work in Communities Impacted by War or Terrorist Threat
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Publication Date
Sun Oct 31 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Designing Raw Mix for Manufacturing Portland Cement using Euphrates Formation Marl Instead of Clays
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Portland Cement is manufactured by adding 3% gypsum to clinker which is produced by grinding, pulverizing, mixing, and then burning a raw mix of silica, and calcium carbonate. Limestone is the main source of carbonates, while clay collected from arable land is the main source of silica. The marl in the Euphrates Formation was studied as an alternative to arable lands. Nine boreholes drilled and penetrated the marl layer in selected locations at the Kufa cement quarry. Forty-one samples of marl from boreholes and four samples of limestone from the closed area were collected. The chemical content of the major oxides and the hardness of the marl layer was very encouraging as a raw material for Portland Cement as they are SiO2 (17.60),

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