Tooth restoration one of the most common procedures in dental practice. The replacement of the entire restoration leads to loss of tooth structure and increase risk of pulp injury; replacement is also time consuming and costly. According to the minimally invasive approach when minimal defects, repair is the better choice than the total replacement of the restoration. This study aims to evaluate repair rating versus replacement treatment procedure for defective composite fillings among Iraqi dentists. Material and methodology: A questionnaire survey were designed and distributed to 184 post-graduate dentists in Iraq. The inquiry pertained general information; including their clinical experience in years, their preference in terms of direct composite restoration, repair or replacement of old restorations, whether they taught the indications for repair, and the selection type of composite for repair. Result of 200 questioner’s disrepute, 184 questionnaires were completed and collected. The data revealed that the respondents with 1-5, 6-15 and16-25 years of experience were 62 (33.7%), 75 (40.8%), and 47(25.5%) of total respondents, respectively. The total 174 dentists (94.6%) prefer using tooth-colored restorations and 10 (5.4%) dislike this approach. Result clearly indicate that most of the dentists choose replacement for any fractured or discolored restorations. The data showed that 59.2% of dentist are not familiar with repair, and 40.8% dentists are familiar. The result revealed that 82.1% the dentists were not trained on repair during their undergraduate study. Generally, they had no ideal standard to replace or repair depending on their clinical experience. Therefore, clear criteria and guidelines for replacing and repairing should be developed and followed in post-graduate courses.
This is a survey study that presents recent researches concerning factional controllers. It presents several types of fractional order controllers, which are extensions to their integer order counterparts. The fractional order PID controller has a dominant importance, so thirty-one paper are presented for this controller. The remaining types of controllers are presented according to the number of papers that handle them; they are fractional order sliding mode controller (nine papers), fuzzy fractional order sliding mode controller (five papers), fractional order lag-lead compensator (three papers), fractional order state feedback controller (three papers), fractional order fuzzy logic controller (three papers). Finally, several conclusions
... Show MoreRadiation measuring devices need to process calibration which
lose their sensitivity and the extent of the response and the amount of
stability under a changing conditions from time to time and this
period depends on the nature and use of field in which used devices.
A comparison study was done to a (451P) (ionization chamber
survey meter) and this showed the variation of calibration factor in
five different years. This study also displayed the concept of
radiation instrument calibration and necessity of every year
calibration of them.
In this project we used the five years calibration data for ionization
chamber survey meter model Inspector (451P) to get that the values
of Calibration Factor (CF) and Res
Brachycerous Dipteran species on alfalfa plant Medicago sativa surveyed in several regions of Iraq from March to November 2012. The study was registered 14 species belonging to nine genera and four families. The results showed that Limnophra quaterna, Atherigona laevigata and Atherigona theodori as new records to Iraq and new pests of alfalfa.
This is a survey study that presents recent researches concerning factional controllers. It presents several types of fractional order controllers, which are extensions to their integer order counterparts. The fractional order PID controller has a dominant importance, so thirty-one paper are presented for this controller. The remaining types of controllers are presented according to the number of papers that handle them; they are fractional order sliding mode controller (nine papers), fuzzy fractional order sliding mode controller (five papers), fractional order lag-lead compensator (three papers), fractional order state feedback controller (three papers), fractional order fuzzy logic controller (three papers). Finally,
... Show MoreBuckling analysis of a laminated composite thin plate with different boundary conditions subjected to in-plane uniform load are studied depending on classical laminated plate theory; analytically using (Rayleigh-Ritz method). Equation of motion of the plates was derived using the principle of virtual work and solved using modified Fourier displacement function that satisfies general edge conditions. The eigenvalue problem generated by using Ritz method, the set of linear algebraic equations can be solved using MATLAB for symmetric and anti-symmetric, cross and angle-ply laminated plate considering some design parameters such as aspect ratios, number of layers, lamination type and orthotropic ratio. The results obtained g
... Show MoreIn the present work a theoretical analysis depending on the new higher order . element in shear deformation theory for simply supported cross-ply laminated plate is developed. The new displacement field of the middle surface expanded as a combination of exponential and trigonometric function of thickness coordinate with the transverse displacement taken to be constant through the thickness. The governing equations are derived using Hamilton’s principle and solved using Navier solution method to obtain the deflection and stresses under uniform sinusoidal load. The effect of many design parameters such as number of laminates, aspect ratio and thickness ratio on static behavior of the laminated composite plate has been studied. The
... Show MoreThe subject of social capital is of great importance, as it provides an analytical framework for researchers interested in understanding the impact of the Internet on many dimensions of human and social life. And because social networking sites have infiltrated societies and produced new variables at the level of human and social communication, this study came to examine the relationship between the use of the social networking site Facebook and the accumulation of social capital among a sample of University of Algeria 3 students, by researching the variables of intensity of use and patterns of use as independent variables and their relationship to social capital. The results of the field study revealed a strong relationship between the
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