the student of the structure of the city and its constituent elements will clearly sense the invisible relationships that underlie the different forms of urban activity, which in turn are defined by the generality of the urban patterns in that city, which will vary clearly according to the location in the city. These relations will be embodied in their true form in the interactions between the different uses of the earth, and the change that will result from their regularity in the form of entities in independent groups, which may share with each other a component of it.
Therefore, the process of controlling the functional interactions between the uses of the urban land and the awareness of t

Trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of trichomoniasis , one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) over all the world, especially in immunocompromised women such as pregnant. Wet smear and Giemsa stain are the current methods used in hospital to diagnosis trichomoniasis. DNA based diagnosis is still to be validated to diagnose the local isolates, the objective of the present study was to compare the conventional methods of disease diagnosis with the DNA-based method to diagnose Trichomonas incidence in local isolates. In the present study, 105 samples were collected from outpatient women (18-45 years) of Maternity hospital in Mosul who showed a classical presentation of Trichomonas

Solanum americanum is a new annual shrubby plant seen recently in fields and gardens of Baghdad city. A new species is described and illustrated, inhabit wet or semi dry places and have consequently a mesophytic habit. A detailed morphological study of the stems, leaves, Inflorescence, flower, male and female reproductive organs and fruits has been done, revealed several interesting taxonomic characteristics, which have not previously been studied in Iraq. Also, anatomical studies reveals constant taxonomical characteristics such as the presence of anthocayanine in outer row of epidermis, distinct chlorenchyma in whole cortex, the wide pith of stems, and presence of distinct mesophyll that differentiated into palisade layer and spongy laye

Studies in Iraq that concerned identification of free-living Protozoa (sarcodina) are scarce; so the current study deals with these protozoan communities inhabiting the Tigris River in Baghdad City. Sampling collection stations have been selected at each of AL-Gheraiˈat and AL-Adhamiyah area adjacent to the river. Monthly intervals sampling with three samples were collected from each station from June to September 2020. Total of 23 sarcodina taxa were listed, out of them 5 taxa were new record to the Tigris River in Baghdad: Difflugia urceolata Carter, 1864 (Arcellinida, Difflugiidae), Heleopera perapetricola Leidy, 1879 (Arcellinida, Heleoperidae), Rhaphidiophrys pallida F.E. Schulze, 1874 (Centrohelida, Raphidiophridae), Saccamoeba sp

Background: Tap waters play an important role in fulfilling the people needs for drinking and domestic purposes. Contaminate the tap water with different pollutants has become an issue of great concern for 90% of people who are depended on the tap water as the main source of drinking. Pollutants can make their way easily into the delivering pipes which suffer from the leaking resulting in decreasing the quality of water. Objective: Therefore, assess the water quality for drinking purpose by calculating the water quality index is an important tool to ascertain whether the water is suitable for human consumption or not. Methods: In the present work, the water quality of the Al-Salam, western region of Baghdad city, Iraq was investigated for 7

   This study reported activity concentration of 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K in 50 soil samples AL-Nada district - Najaf Governorate - Iraq Measurement using gamma ray spectrometer NaI (TI) (3x3). The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides are found to range from (31.319  Bq.Kg-1 to (1.1583 ± 0.0821) Bq.Kg-1with average (11.851 0.281) Bq.Kg-1 of uranium ²³⁸U.  From (1.117±0.048)  Bq.Kg-1 to  (23.948 ) Bq.Kg-1  with an  average of  (6.283 0.148 ( Bq.Kg-1 for thorium ²³²Th,.from(13.592±0.282) Bq.Kg-1 to (705.834 6.179) Bq.Kg-1 and average (265.494 1.445) Bq.Kg-1 potassium⁴⁰K , equivalent radium  from (12.489 0.328) Bq.Kg-1 to (84.199 1.911) Bq.Kg-

The forensic evidence important for the sources of legislation after the book of God Almighty and the Sunnah of the purified, including what is agreed upon in the protest, which is the book and the Sunnah and consensus, and what is different in the protest, such as measurement and approval and say companions and interests sent, and that the approval of the evidence that did not agree Accordingly, the terms of the fundamentalists differed and their definition differed with the similarity between each other, and the approval in some schools is an argument is not considered as the Shaafa'is, so it may correspond to measurement with them, but the approval at the tap and those who agree is a hidden measurement is likely to clear measurement,I

High frequencies of multidrug resistant organisms were observed worldwide in intensive care units which is a warning as to use the only few effective antimicrobials wisely to reduce selective pressure on sensitive strains.

The aim of the current study is to asses the compliance of the currently followed antibiotic prescribing pattern in the intensive care unit in an Iraqi hospital with the international guidelines.A cross-sectional study was done in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Surgical Specialties Hospital, Medical City in Bagdad from the 30^th of November 2011 to the 5^th of May 2012.Patients were followed until they were discharged or died to see any change in condition, response to drugs, devices u