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Performance Analysis of a New Compact Magneto-Rheological Proportional Control Valve for Hydraulic Actuation Using FEM and Experimental Approach
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One of the main parts in hydraulic system is directional control valve, which is needed in order to operate hydraulic actuator. Practically, a conventional directional control valve has complex construction and moving parts, such as spool. Alternatively, a proposed Magneto-rheological (MR) directional control valve can offer a better solution without any moving parts by means of MR fluid. MR fluid consists of stable suspension of micro-sized magnetic particles dispersed in carrier medium like hydrocarbon oil. The main objectives of this present research are to design a MR directional control valve using MR fluid, to analyse its magnetic circuit using FEMM software, and to study and simulate the performance of this valve. In this research, a comprehensive literature review on the advancement of this technology provides valuable insight on MR valve design by previous researchers. The design of MR directional control valve, the construction of the valve and the principle of work are presented. The design of proposed MR single valve has enabled the development of the MR directional control valve. Design and finite elements analysis using FEMM software of the MR single valve and MR directional control valve were done to obtain the optimal design. The valve was fabricated and the experimental rig for valve test was developed. The experiment presentation for functional working principle of the valve and valve performance were shown. The results of the simulation results show that the valve works in controlling the direction and the speed of hydraulic actuators. The valve can be operated with variable flow rate by varying the electric current. It is found that the electric current is inversely proportional to the flow rate. High current produces low flow rate and vice versa. It does the work of the valves to proportionally control the hydraulic actuators. The valve can be operated as ON-OFF directional control valve as well as proportional directional control valve with meter-in or meter-out by changing electric connection.

Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
New Method for Determination of Molybdenum(VI) through Flow Injection Analysis Via the Consumption of Liberated Oxygen from Reaction System Ammonia-Hydrogen peroxide-Molybdenum(VI) in the Presence of Pyrogallol
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This piece of research work aims to study one of the most difficult reaction and determination due to continuous and rapid variation of reaction products and the reactants. As molybdenum (VI) aid in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium of ammomia, thus means a continuous liberation of oxygen which cuases and in a continuous manner a distraction in the measurement process. On this basis pyrogallol was used to absorbe all liberated oxygen and the result is an a clean undisturbed signals. Molybdenum (VI) was determined in the range of 4-100 ?g.ml-1 with percentage linearity of 99.8% or (4-300 ?g.ml-1 with 94.4%) while L.O.D. was 3.5 ?g.ml-1. Interferring ions (cations and anions) were studied and their main effect was red

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Methods of Forecasting Credit Losses in A Sample of Iraqi Banks - A Comparative Analysis
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  The general trend in Iraqi banks is focused towards the application of international financial reporting standards, especially the international financial reporting standard IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”, in addition to the directives issued on the Central Bank of Iraq’s instructions for the year 2018 regarding the development of expected credit losses models, and not to adhere to a specific method for calculating these losses and authorizing the banks’ departments to adopt the method of calculating losses that suits the nature of the bank’s activity and to be consistent in its use from time to time. The research problem revolves around the different methodologies for calculatin

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 28 2024
Journal Name
Arab World English Journal
Cowboy as a Symbol of Individualism: A Pragmatic Analysis of Red Dead Redemption 2
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As cultures are mainly divided into collectivistic and individualistic, members tend to emphasize, through communication, either their position as part of their group or their independence from the group. This emphasis is manifested in using the pragmatic concepts of positive politeness and negative politeness. The present study looks into the reflection of these two cultures in Rockstar’s renowned video game, Red Dead Redemption 2 (2018). It aims at identifying the two cultures as present in the game and showing their significance to its narrative. It fills the gap in the studies of language used within video games as well as its cultural reflections. The study addresses the following question: What are the positive and negative

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research
Pryparation, characterization and biological activity of new derivatives of 2-biphenyl-3-aminomethylimidazo(1,2-a)pyrimidine
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New Fourteen compounds were synthesized in four steps. The first step included synthesis of 2-biphenyl fused ring of imidazo(1,2- a)pyrimidine from the reaction of 2-aminopyrimidine and biphenyl phenacyl bromide . The second step was introduced aldehyde group from the reaction of 2-biphenyl fused rings of imidazo(1,2-a)pyrimidine with POCl3 in presence of DMF and CHCl3. 3-Carbaladehyde derivatives of fused imidazo/pyrimidine was reacted with different aromatic amines to afford new Schiff bases. These new 3- imines derivatives was reduced by using sodiumborohydride to yield another new 3-aminomethyl-2-biphenyl imidazo (1,2-a)pyrimidine derivatives in moderate yield .Some new prepared compounds were identified by melting point, FT- IR , 13C-

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 29 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of Nurses' Knowledge toward Infection Control Measures for Hepatitis 8 Virus in Hemodialysis Units
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Objectives: to assess nurses' knowledge toward infection control measures for hepatitis a virus in hemodialysis
units and to detemine the relationship between nurses' knowledge and their demographical characteristics.
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A non-probability `tturposive" sample of (51) nurses, who were working in hemodialysis units were selected
from Baghdad teaching hosphals. The data were collected through the use of constructed questionnaire, which
consists of two parts (I) Demographic data fom that consists of 10 items and (2) Nurses' knowledge form that
consists of 6 sections contain 79 items, by means of direct interview techniq

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Publication Date
Mon May 27 2024
Journal Name
Eureka: Physics And Engineering
Systematic development of an autonomous robotic car for fire-fighting based on the interactive design approach
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Fire incidences are classed as catastrophic events, which mean that persons may experience mental distress and trauma. The development of a robotic vehicle specifically designed for fire extinguishing purposes has significant implications, as it not only addresses the issue of fire but also aims to safeguard human lives and minimize the extent of damage caused by indoor fire occurrences. The primary goal of the AFRC is to undergo a metamorphosis, allowing it to operate autonomously as a specialized support vehicle designed exclusively for the task of identifying and extinguishing fires. Researchers have undertaken the tasks of constructing an autonomous vehicle with robotic capabilities, devising a universal algorithm to be employed

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Implementation of Digital Image processing in Calculating Normal Approach for Spherical Indenter Considering Elastic/Plastic Contact
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In this work a study and calculation of the normal approach between two bodies,
spherical and rough flat surface, had been conducted by the aid of image processing
technique. Four kinds of metals of different work hardening index had been used as a
surface specimens and by capturing images of resolution of 0.006565 mm/pixel a good estimate of the normal approach may be obtained the compression tests had been done in strength of material laboratory in mechanical engineering department, a Monsanto tensometer had been used to conduct the indentation tests. A light section measuring equipment microscope BK 70x50 was used to calculate the surface parameters of the texture profile like standard deviation of asperity peak heights

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Implementation of Digital Image processing in Calculating Normal Approach for Spherical Indenter Considering Elastic/Plastic Contact
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In this work a study and calculation of the normal approach between two bodies, spherical and rough flat surface, had been conducted by the aid of image processing technique. Four kinds of metals of different work hardening index had been used as a surface specimens and by capturing images of resolution of 0.006565 mm/pixel a good estimate of the normal approach may be obtained the compression tests had been done in strength of material laboratory in mechanical engineering department, a Monsanto tensometer had been used to conduct the indentation tests.
A light section measuring equipment microscope BK 70x50 was used to calculate the surface parameters of the texture profile like standard deviation of asperity peak heights, centre lin

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Jun 28 2025
Journal Name
Imam Ja'afar Al-sadiq University Journal Of Legal Studies
The legal framework for the protection of new plant varieties
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TRIPS agreement was The first to apply protection by patents. However, this type of protection, which grants exclusive and monopoly rights to patent owners, came at the expense of developing countries which are considered rich in biodiversity and also at the expense of traditional and poor knowledge of modern technologies. The release of new plant varieties has led to the emergence of biopiracy and looting of the rights of developing countries without a license

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 20 2019
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Synthesis, Characterization of New Polyamides Bearing Triarylamine for Lightemitting Diodes
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In this work, new di-acid monomers 4, 4’-di-carboxillic-4”-bromo-2”, 6”-dimethyl triphenylamine (Ma), 4, 4’- di-carboxylic -4”-chloro-2”, 6”-dimethyl triphenylamine (Mb) and 4, 4’- di-carboxylic -2”,4”-dichloro-6”-methyl triphenylamine (Mc) were synthesized by reaction of p-cyanobenzofluride with three different aromatic amines (4-bromo,2,6-dimethyl aniline, 4-chloro,2,6-dimethyl aniline and 2,4 dichloro, 6- methyl aniline )  via aromatic nucleophilc substitution method to form three di cyano intermediates 4, 4’-Dicyano-4”-bromo-2”, 6”-dimethyl triphenylamine (Da), 4,

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