Background: Optimal root canal retreatment was required safe and efficient removal of filling material from root canal. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacy of reciprocating and continuous motion of four retreatment systems in removal of root canal filling material. Materials and Methods: Forty distal roots of the mandibular first molars teeth were used in this study, these roots were embedded in cold clear acrylic,roots were instrumented using crown down technique and rotary ProTaper systemize Sx to size F2 ,instrumentation were done with copiousirrigation of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% buffered solution of EDTA was used as final irrigant followed by distilledwater, roots were obturated with AH26 sealer and Protaper gutta-percha point F2 and medium fine accessory gutta-percha using lateral condensation technique,roots were left for 7 days with 100% humidity at 37ºC in an incubator. Roots were randomly divided into four groups according to technique used for removing the root filling material (ten teeth for each group): group I: reciprocating technique and Wave One system, group II: continuous technique and ProTaper retreatment system, group III: continuous technique and R-Endo system, group IV: continuous technique and D–RaCere treatment system. All the roots were radiographed before and after removal of gutta-percha from both bucco-lingual and mesiodistal directions using custom made platform and digital radiograph system RVG to havea digitized images. The total surface area of all root canals was measured before removal ofthe gutta-percha and the area of the remaining gutta-percha filling in the canals after retreatment procedure from both directions. These measurements were analyzed with Adobe Photoshop CS6 software, the percentage of removed gutta-percha calculated. Results: Statistical analysis was performed and the result showed group Ihad the highest mean values in removal of root canal filling material in both bucco-lingual and mesiodistal direction of dental radiograph and there were significant difference between group I and most of the other groups ,there were non significant difference between group II,group III and group IV. Conclusion: This study was showed all the used retreatment systems did notcompletely remove the root canal filling material. The reciprocating technique was most effective method for removing gutta-percha and sealer than continuous rotary technique
Objective: The current study aimed to prepare a measure for comprehensive knowledge marketing management. In the Iraqi sports institutions under study, identifying the extent of each dimension of comprehensive knowledge marketing management. Research methodology: This study relied on appropriate scientific methods, mainly represented by the descriptive method and the analytical method, and on the case study method because it suits the nature of the study. The study population was determined from the administrative cadres in the Iraqi Sports Federation, and the research sample numbered (86) and was represented as follows: The preparation sample numbered (50) and a percentage amounted to (58.13%), the sample of the exploratory experim
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At present, the ability to promote national economy by adjusting to political, economic, and technological variables is one of the largest challenges faced by organization productivity. This challenge prompts changes in structure and line productivity, given that cash has not been invested. Thus, the management searches for investment opportunities that have achieved the optimum value of the annual increases in total output value of the production line workers in the laboratory. Therefore, the application of dynamic programming model is adopted in this study by addressing the division of investment expenditures to cope with market-dumping policy and to strive non-stop production at work.
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The research focuses on determining the role of customer relationship management in improving financial performance by surveying the opinions of a number of employees of a number of Iraqi private banks. The customer has become the focus of attention and the most important factors of success and profitability and competition. Therefore, decisions related to the customer are important decisions that support the process of making, And follow-up of administrative decisions, including financial decisions aimed at improving the financial performance of banks and distinguish them from competitors. Thus, the techniques used in customer relations management programs to collect, analyze and use data and information have beco
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Faintly continuous (FC) functions, entitled faintly S-continuous and faintly δS-continuous functions have been introduced and investigated via a -open and -open sets. Several characterizations and properties of faintly S-continuous and faintly -Continuous functions were obtained. In addition, relationships between faintly s- Continuous and faintly S-continuous function and other forms of FC function were investigated. Also, it is shown that every faintly S-continuous is weakly S-continuous. The Convers is shown to be satisfied only if the co-domain of the function is almost regular.
The objectives of the study were to identify the incidence rate and characteristics of adverse drug events (ADEs) in nursing homes (NHs) using the ADE trigger tool and to evaluate the relationships between resident and facility work system factors and incidence of ADEs using the System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model. The study used 2 observational quantitative methods, retrospective resident chart extraction, and surveys. The participating staff included Directors of nursing, registered nurses, certified nurse assistants (CNAs). Data were collected from fall 2016 to spring 2017 from 11 NHs in 9 cities in Iowa. Binary logistic regression with generalized estimated equations was used to measure the association
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Abstract
The current research sought to demonstrate the effect of material flow cost accounting on reducing products through the application of material flow cost accounting technique, which works on the optimal utilization of materials and energy and the reduction of environmental impacts.The research aims to clarify the knowledge foundations for material flow cost accounting, in addition to studying the material flow cost accounting technique that helps reduce the cost of products and make them environmentally friendly. To achieve this, the research relied on the descriptive approach with regard to the theoretical aspect of the resea
... Show MoreA simulated ion/electron optical transport and focusing system has been put forward to
be mounted on high voltage transmission electron microscope for in situ investigations.
The suggested system consists of three axially symmetric electrostatic lenses namely an
einzel lens, an accelerating immersion lens, and a decelerating immersion lens, in addition
to an electrostatic quadrupole doublet lens placed on the image side. The electrodes
profile of these lenses is determined from the proposed axial field distributions. The
optical properties of the whole system have been computed together with the trajectory of
the accelerated charged-particles beam along the optical axis of the system. The computed
dimensions of th
This study aimed to identify the employment of the social networking platform «Twitter» in the 2016 presidential campaign led by the Republican candidate, Donald Trump; and analyse his tweets through his personal account on «Twitter» for the period from: 10/ 8/2016 to: 11/ 8/2016 which represents the last month of the election campaign.
The study belongs to the type of descriptive studies using the analytical method through an analysis index that includes sub-categories and other secondary categories. The research has adopted the ordinary unit of information material (tweet) as an analysis unit for this purpose.
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Research includes three axes, the first is the average estimate time of achievement (day) to work oversight, to five supervisory departments in the Office of Financial Supervision Federal and then choose the three control outputs and at the level of each of the five departments above, and after analyzing the data statistically back to us that the distribution of the times of achievement It is the exponential distribution (Exponential Distribution) a parameter (q), and the distribution of normal (Normal Distribution) with two parameters (μ, σ2), and introduced four methods of parameter estimation (q) as well as four modalities parameter to estimate (
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